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20世纪八九十年代之交,随着苏东剧变和国际共产主义运动处于相对低潮期,一些西方学者迫不及待地宣称马克思主义已然彻底失败,资本主义制度成为人类历史的终结。在国内学界,经济学研究中的新自由主义、历史学研究中的历史虚无主义和政治学研究中的宪政民主思潮等互为表里,在不同领域挑战马克思主义的指导地位。以政治学而论,阶级、革命、人民民主专政等马克思主义国家学说的核心概念和学术话语体系,似乎成为保守、落后的代名词,而宪政民主、三权分立、普选制度成为
At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, as the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe and the international communist movement were at a relatively ebb period, some western scholars could not wait to declare that Marxism has completely failed and the capitalist system has become the end of human history. Neo-liberalism in the domestic academic circle, economic neo-liberalism, history nihilism in historical studies, and constitutional democratic trends in political science study each other to challenge the guiding position of Marxism in different fields. In terms of political science, the core concepts and academic discourse system of the Marxist state theory such as class, revolution, and people’s democratic dictatorship seem to have become synonymous with conservatism and backwardness. Constitutional democracy, the separation of powers and the universal suffrage system have become