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每种病原菌都有一些保守的特征性分子,也称病原菌相关分子模式(PAMPs)。植物细胞表面的模式识别受体PRRs通过识别病原菌的PAMPs而激发免疫反应(PTI)。目前,已发现多种PRRs/PAMPs的识别模式,如拟南芥FLS2识别细菌鞭毛蛋白、拟南芥EFR识别细菌延长因子Tu(EF-Tu)、水稻CEBiP/CERK1识别真菌几丁质、水稻抗病蛋白XA21识别白叶枯病菌的硫化蛋白Ax21等。这些识别模式都能激发植物的基础免疫反应以抵抗病原菌的侵染。但是病原菌为了成功侵染寄主植物,也进化出一些致病机制,例如向植物细胞中注入毒性效应蛋白阻断PTI途径,或者产生一种“自我伪装”机制以逃避PRRs的识别。因此,研究者们根据PAMPs的结构特性对PRRs重新改造,以期使植物获得持久、广谱和高效的抗性。综述目前已知的PAMPs分子类型、PRRs/PAMPs的识别机制及改造后的新型PRRs,并分析PTI研究中存在的问题及其发展前景。
Each pathogen has some conserved characteristic molecules, also called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Pattern Recognition Receptors PRRs on Plant Cell Surface Elicit Immune Responses (PTIs) by Identifying PAMPs from Pathogenic Bacteria. At present, a variety of recognition patterns of PRRs / PAMPs have been found, such as bacterial flagellin recognition by FLS2 in Arabidopsis, recognition of bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) by Arabidopsis EFR, identification of fungal chitin by rice CEBiP / CERK1, Sick protein XA21 recognizes the sulfatoprotein Ax21 of the bacterial blight. These patterns of recognition all stimulate the plant’s basal immune response to resist pathogen infection. However, in order to successfully infect host plants, pathogens have also evolved pathogenic mechanisms, such as the injection of toxic effector proteins into plant cells to block the PTI pathway or to create a “self camouflage” mechanism to evade the recognition of PRRs. Therefore, researchers reconstructed PRRs based on the structural characteristics of PAMPs in order to achieve long-lasting, broad-spectrum and high-efficient plants. The current known molecular types of PAMPs, the recognition mechanism of PRRs / PAMPs and the novel PRRs were reviewed. The existing problems and their future development in PTI were analyzed.