“半个世纪以来,文学与文学意识的发展演变带来的良好后果之一,就是把我们的注意力吸引到叙事行为的奇特、人为和成问题的方面上来了。”这是法国叙述学大师热奈特对现代小说演进趋向的一句中肯的总结。面对这句总结,我们不禁要问:是什么促成了小说日益走向叙述行为的奇特性、人为性和“成问题”的局面呢?或者说形成此种状况的关键因素是什么呢?我以为英国作家帕西·路伯克的话是最好的回答:“小说写作技巧中最为复杂的问题,在于对叙述视角的运用上”。美国文艺理论家华莱士·马丁也说:“叙述视点不是作为一个传送情节给读者的附属物后加上去的,相反,在绝大多数现代叙事作品中,正是叙述视点创造了兴趣、冲突、悬念、乃至情节本身”。视角 “For half a century one of the good consequences of the evolution of literary and literary consciousness has been to draw our attention to the peculiar, artificially and problematic aspects of narrative behavior.” This is the master of French narrative Jernerth’s concise summary of the evolution of modern novels. In the face of this conclusion, we can not help but ask: What led to the fiction’s increasingly narrative behavior of the singularity, man-made and “problematic” situation? Or what is the key factor in the formation of such a situation? I think The best answer from British writer Parsippon Burke: “One of the most complex problems in fiction writing lies in the use of narrative perspectives.” Wallace Martin, an American literary theorist, also said: “The narrative point of view is not added to the reader’s appendages as a transfer of plot. On the contrary, in the vast majority of modern narratives it is the narrative point of view that creates interest and conflicts , Suspense, and even the plot itself. ” Perspective