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通过解剖阳春砂(Amomum villosum)小花,以体视镜观察并测量长果、圆果和仲华3个阳春砂栽培类型小花的形态指标。结果表明,仲华的假合蕊柱与唇瓣间的纵向距离最小,但3个栽培类型之间的横向距离差异不显著。假合蕊柱与唇瓣的距离大小主要由假合蕊柱的挺直程度决定,角度γ值是栽培类型的特征参数。仲华的花粉囊最长,长果次之,圆果最小;而3个栽培类型间的花粉囊宽度差异不显著;花粉囊长度的差异是栽培类型的另一个特征。仲华柱头的开口面积与长果和圆果差异不显著;但长果柱头的开口面积比圆果大。3个栽培类型柱头的开口均高于花粉囊顶端;圆果柱头的开口与花粉囊顶端的距离(Dsp)显著大于长果和仲华,而长果与仲华的Dsp差异不显著。该研究建立了阳春砂花器形态的研究方法,比较了3个栽培类型小花的形态特征,为寻找适宜的传粉途径和提高产量奠定了基础。
By dissecting the florets of Amomum villosum, we observed and measured the morphological indexes of florets of the three spring spring cultivars of Changchun, Yuan Guo and Zhonghua by using the endoscope. The results showed that the longitudinal distance between the fusiform column and the lip of Zhonghua was the smallest, but there was no significant difference in the horizontal distance between the three cultivars. The size of the pseudosynthesis column and the lip is mainly determined by the degree of uprightness of the pseudocolumn column. The angle γ is the characteristic parameter of the cultivation type. Zhonghua had the longest pollen sacs, followed by the second fruit legumes, and the round fruit was the smallest. There was no significant difference in the widths of the pollen sacs among the three cultivars. The differences in length of the pollen sacs were another characteristic of the cultivars. Zhonghua stigma opening area and long-fruit and round fruit difference was not significant; but the opening of the fruit stigma area larger than the fruit. The opening of stigma of the three cultivars was higher than that of the top of the pollen sac. The distance between the opening of the stigma and the top of the pollen sac was significantly greater than that of the fruit and the Zhonghua, while the Dsp of the fruit was not significantly different from that of Zhonghua. The research established the research methods of the morphological characteristics of the flower buds in the spring and compared the morphological characteristics of the florets of the three cultivated types, which laid the foundation for finding suitable pollination ways and increasing the yield.