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著名戏曲理论家郭汉城认为:“衡量一个剧团的成就,其主要标志是什么?是剧目建设。”(中国戏剧出版社《湖北京剧剧作选·序》)推而广之,衡量一个剧种的成就,其主要标志是什么?同样是剧目建设。京剧在孕育期,很重视剧目建设。四大徽班不仅演徽调剧目,还演昆曲剧目;汉调、秦腔等剧种艺人在加盟时也把各自原属剧种剧目带进徽班;南北小曲段子在徽班舞台上亦有合法席位。对剧目如此兼收并蓄,京剧得以发展成形。时有竹枝词曰:“公会筵开白昼间,嗷嘈丝管动欢颜。新排一曲《桃花扇》,到处哄传四喜班。”(清杨敬亭《都门杂咏》,中国戏剧出版社《清代燕都梨园史料》1173页)其实当时哄传者何止四喜班,四大徽班竞上新戏。三庆班的“三国”戏,和春班的“水浒”戏,俱为人所称道。春台班一出《破壁观书》问世,使加盟该班的汉调艺人米应先一举成名并挑梁春台二十年。
The famous opera theorist Guo Hancheng said: “To measure the achievement of a troupe, what are the main signs? It is the repertory construction.” (China Drama Press, “Hubei Peking Opera Dramas Selection”) Widely used to measure a play’s Achievement, what are the main signs? The same is repertory building. Peking Opera in the inception period, attaches great importance to the repertory construction. The four emblem classes not only played the emblem of the tune transfer, but also played the Kunqu Opera repertoire; Han tune, Qin cavalry and other entertainers joined their own original drama repertoire into the emblem classes; North and South Songs on the emblem also have legal seats on stage. The play so eclectic, Peking Opera to shape the development. There are time when Zhu Zhi said: “Association feast open during the day, 嗷 sounded noisy wire tube move .A new row” Peach Blossom Fan, “everywhere to spread Sisi class.” (Qing Yang Jingting “all door chanting”, China Drama Press “Qing Dynasty Yandu Liyuan Historical Materials” 1173) In fact, at that time, there were more than four Sichi classes to be beaten up, and the four major classes were competing for new plays. Three celebrations of the “Three Kingdoms” drama, and the Spring Class “Water Margin” show, all commendable. Spring Taiwan class a “broken book” came out, so join the class of Han-tune artists should be successful first name and pick Liang Chun-chun for 20 years.