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目的:了解东海县牛山镇狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后预防处置情况。方法:对狂犬病暴露人群的暴露、处置及预防接种情况进行统计分析。结果:2010年牛山镇狂犬病门诊共接诊犬、猫、鼠等动物致伤者672例,男女性别比为1.17:1,<10岁儿童和40～50岁的人群是狂犬病暴露的高危人群。Ⅱ级暴露588人,Ⅲ级暴露84人;暴露人群伤口规范处置率为73.81%,疫苗全程接种率为100.00%,被动免疫率为8.33%。暴露人群大部分由犬类动物咬、抓伤,占暴露人群的77.82%。结论:牛山镇狂犬病暴露情况不容乐观。加强对犬类的管理,加大预防狂犬病知识的宣传力度,增强群众的自我防护意识,是预防狂犬病的最关键手段。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population and its post-exposure prevention and treatment in Niushan, Donghai County. Methods: The exposure, disposition and vaccination of rabies exposed population were analyzed statistically. Results: 672 rabbits, cats and mice were admitted to NiuShan town of rabies clinic in 2010, and the ratio of male to female was 1.17: 1. Children <10 years old and 40-50 years old were at high risk of rabies exposure. 588 in grade Ⅱ and 84 in grade Ⅲ. The standard treatment rate for exposed population was 73.81%, the vaccination coverage rate was 100.00%, and the passive immunization rate was 8.33%. Most of the exposed people were bitten and scratched by dogs, accounting for 77.82% of the exposed population. Conclusion: Niu Shanzhen rabies exposure is not optimistic. Strengthening the management of dogs, increasing publicity on the prevention of rabies knowledge, and enhancing people’s awareness of self-protection are the most crucial measures for preventing rabies.