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工件长度与直径之比大于25倍时,称为细长轴。细长轴本身刚性差,在车床切削加工中容易出现热变形及受力弯曲等现象,因此,采取必要手段来增加其刚性尤为重要。研究分析了跟刀架的合理选择与正确使用,及跟刀架的调整与修正对于细长轴零件加工精度变化的影响。分析了在跟刀架的使用过程中同时引发的工件热变形等现象对加工带来的不利影响,提出了理想的、有效的减少在实际加工中因跟刀架的使用及加工过程中产生的热变形而影响加工精度的主要措施和手段。综合上述结果,在加工长径比较大的细长轴类零件时,尽量选用跟刀架来对工件进行合理、准确地支撑,最终保证零件的加工精度符合要求。
Workpiece length to diameter ratio greater than 25 times, known as the slender shaft. Slender shaft itself is poor rigidity, in the lathe machining prone to thermal deformation and force bending phenomenon, therefore, to take the necessary means to increase its rigidity is particularly important. The paper analyzes and analyzes the reasonable choice and proper use of the following tool holder and the influence of the adjustment and correction of the tool holder on the machining accuracy of the slender shaft parts. This paper analyzes the adverse effects on the machining caused by the simultaneous thermal deformation of the workpiece during the use of the tool holder and puts forward an ideal and effective way to reduce the machining errors caused by the tool holder and the tool during actual machining Thermal deformation and affect the accuracy of the main measures and means. Based on the above results, when machining the slender shaft with large aspect ratio, it is suggested to choose the following for the workpiece to be supported reasonably and accurately, and ultimately ensure the machining accuracy of the part meets the requirements.