实证主义方法作为政治学研究的主流方法,要求研究者从纷繁复杂的现实现象中发现事物之间具有一定普遍性的因果关联性并辨析其因果机制。而在实际的研究中,采用不同的研究方法对研究者所得出的理论假设具有定向的影响力。不同的理论假设,也要求研究者选择相应的研究方法。研究者需要在理论和方法的不断对话中,改善研究策略,并更有效地构建、检验与修正其理论假设。 As the mainstream method of political science research, positivist method requires researchers to find out the universal causality association between things from the complex reality phenomenon and to analyze its causal mechanism. However, in practical research, using different research methods has a directional influence on the theoretical assumptions made by the researchers. Different theoretical assumptions, but also require researchers to choose the appropriate research methods. Researchers need to improve their research strategies in the ongoing dialogue between theory and methodology and to more effectively construct, test and revise their theoretical assumptions.