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1. minority n. 少数民族，少数群体；少数，少数派，少数人
The school is 95 per cent minority.
这所学校里95%的学生来自少数族裔。
For a minority, the decision was a disappointment.
这个决定令少数人失望。
短语：
(1) be in a/the minority 占少数，成为少数派
(2) be in a minority of one 是惟一持不同意见者
辨析：
比较minority和majority
两者互为反义词，minority意思是“少数人；少数民族”，而majority意思是“大多数，大部分”。两者相应的形容词minor“较小的，次要的，轻微的”与major“主要的，重要的，大的”也互为反义词。
On the last point, he realized, he was a minority of one.
在这一点上，他知道自己是孤掌难鸣的少数派。
The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
Women played a relatively minor role in the organization.
在这个组织中，妇女发挥着相对次要的作用。
We have encountered major problems.
我们遇上了重大问题。
2. native adj. 出生地的，儿时居住地的；土生土长的，本地
的，当地的
n. 出生于某国（或某地）的人；本地人，当地人
It is long time since he has visited his native Poland.
他很久没回过他的家乡波兰了。
As a native Australian, do you have any suggestions or recommen-dations for our youth?
你在澳利亚土生土长，对我国年轻人有何建议或劝告?
After all, Carlo is a native of Nevada, and he knows his way around.
毕竟卡罗是土生土长的内华达州人。他在那一带路熟。
You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.
游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。
短语：
(1) be native to 原产于……
(2) go native 入乡随俗
3. run v. 控制，管理，经营；跑，奔跑；（使）运转，运行；
操作
Stop trying to run my life for me.
别老想操纵我的生活。
He has no idea how to run a business.
他丝毫不懂企业管理。
They turned and ran when they saw us coming.
他们看见我们过来，转身就跑。
Our van runs on diesel.
我们的货车用的是柴油。
Could you run the engine for a moment?
你来操作一会儿发动机好吗？
短语：
(1) run across sb/sth 偶然遇见/看到（某人/某物）
(2) run after 追求；追逐，追赶
(3) run at sb 向某人冲过去
(4) run away (from sb/sth) 突然离开，逃离
(5) run into sb/sth 偶然遇见，碰到（某人）；途中遭遇（恶
劣天气）；撞上
(6) run out 用完，耗尽；过期，失效
4. custom n. 风俗，习惯，传统，习俗；个人习惯，习性，
惯常行为
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
As was his custom, he knocked three times.
他敲了三下，这是他的习惯。
搭配：
custom of doing sth 做某事的习俗
The custom of planting it in the front yard with the shrubbery is fast going out of vogue.
把它和灌木一同种在前院里的老办法现在越来越不时兴了。
短语：
(1) break the custom 打破习俗
(2) follow the custom 遵守习俗
(3) keep up the custom 保持习俗
(4) by/according to the custom 按照习俗
辨析：
比较custom，habit和tradition
三者都有“习惯”的意思，其中custom指一个国家、民族、社会的行为方式或风俗习惯；habit则侧重于自然养成的、不易改掉的个人习惯；而tradition侧重世代相传的理论、行为规范和生活方式。 Social customs are greatly different from country to country.
国与国之间的社会风俗大不相同。
You need to change your eating habits.
你得改变你的饮食习惯。
They broke with tradition and got married quietly.
他们打破传统，毫不声张地结了婚。
拓展：
customary adj. 习俗的，习惯的
customer n. 顾客，主顾，客户
customs n.（政府部门）海关；关税，进口税
5. foolish adj. 愚蠢的，傻的；不知所措，出丑，显得尴尬
How could she have been so foolish as to fall in love with him?
她怎么这么傻，竟爱上了他？
He’s afraid of looking foolish in front of his friends.
他怕在朋友前面出丑。
拓展：
fool n. 蠢人，傻瓜
v. 欺骗，娱乐；说蠢话，干傻事
foolishly adv. 愚蠢地，傻地
foolish ness n. 愚蠢
6. firm adj. 牢固的，稳固的；坚固的，坚硬的，结实的；
坚定的，确定的，坚决的；严格的
adv. 坚信，坚持
v. 使强壮，使坚固，使坚实
n. 商行，商号，公司
Stand the fish tank on a firm base.
把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。
These peaches are still firm.
这些桃子还很硬。
We have no firm evidence to support the case.
我们没有确凿的证据支持这个案件。
She held firm to her principles.
她坚持自己的原则。
This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.
这个产品据称能在六周内使身体强壮。
They demanded the divorce of the subsidiary from the parent firm.
他们要求子公司与母公司分离。
短语：
(1) be firm against 坚决反对
(2) be firm with 对……严格的
7. fasten v.（使两部分）系牢，缚紧，扎牢，结牢，扣紧；
（使）关紧，盖好
(1) fasten (sth) (up) 把……系牢/扣紧
Fasten your seatbelts, please.
请系好安全带。
He fastened up his boat and hurried out.
他扣好大衣就匆匆出去了。
(2) fasten A to B = fasten A and B (together) 把A和B系牢（在
一起）
He fastened the papers together with a paper clip.
他用回形针别好了文件。
短语：
(1) fasten blame on sb/sth 责怪某人/某事
(2) fasten on(to) sb/sth 抓住；对……锲而不舍
(3) fasten on/upon 迅速决定采用（某一主意或方法）
(4) fasten one’s attention on sth 集中注意力于某事
(5) fasten one’s eyes on sb/sth 注视着（盯着）某人/某物
(6) fasten sth to/onto sth 把某物固定在某物上
8. fold v. 折叠，对折（纸、织物等）；折小，叠平；包，裹
n. 褶，褶层，褶叠部分；褶痕，褶缝
搭配：
(1) fold sth up(back/down/over...) 把……折叠/对折起来
He folded the map up and put it in his pocket.
他把地图折叠起来，然后放进了口袋。
The blankets had been folded down.
毛毯已折叠起来。
(2) fold (sth) away/down 把……折小/叠平
The bed can be folded away during the day.
这张床在白天可以折叠收起。
(3) fold A in B = fold B round/over A 把A包在B里；用B把A
包起来
She gently folded the baby in a blanket.
她轻轻地把婴儿裹在毯子里。
She folded a blanket around the baby.
她用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。
短语：
(1) fold sb in one’s arms 拥抱/搂住某人
(2) fold one’s arms 双臂交叉在胸前 (3) fold one’s hands 十指交叉合拢交叠
(4) fold sth in/into sth 把……调入，拌入
9. adjust v. 适应，使适应，习惯；调整，调节
搭配：
(1) adjust to sth/doing sth 适应某事/做某事
It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.
她离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。
(2) adjust oneself to sth 使自己适应某事
You’ll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
你将很快适应学生生活。
(3) adjust sth (to sth)（根据……）调整……
Adjust your language to the age of your audience.
要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。
拓展：
adjustment n. 调整，调节；（思想等）调整，适应
adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的
10. furnish v. 为（房屋或房间）配备家具，在（房屋等）内
布置家具；向（某人/某事物）供应，提供
搭配：
(1) be furnished with 装备有，安装有，陈设有
The room was furnished with antiques.
房间里摆放了古董。
(2) furnish sb/sth with sth 为……提供……
She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case.
她向他提供了与案件有关的真实情况。
11. in use 在使用
The size of the package in use determines the frequency of doffing.
所用卷装的尺寸决定了落纱的次数。
Among the many regulatory substances in use we have controllable and selective herbicides.
在所有的许多调节物质中，有控制性和选择性除草剂。
拓展：
use n. 用，使用，得到利用；用途，功能，用法
(1) be of use 有用的
(2) bring sth into use 把某物使用起来
(3) come into use 开始被使用
(4) make use of sth 利用某物
(5) put sth to use 把……投入使用
(6) be no use doing sth 做……没有用
(7) out of use 不再被使用
use v. 使用，利用，运用
(1) be/get used to sth/doing sth 习惯了某事/做某事
(2) be used to do sth 被用来做某事
(3) used to be 过去的样子或状态
(4) used to do sth 过去常常做某事
12. in the distance 在远处
The noise of the car died away in the distance.
汽车的声音消失在远方。
Sadly they saw the shores of England disappear in the distance.
他们黯然看着英国的海岸在远处消失。
拓展：
(1) at a distance 稍远一点；离一段距离
(2) at a distance of 以……距离
(3) keep sb at a distance 不与某人太亲近
辨析：
比较in the distance和at a distance
两者均有“在远处”的意思，只是两者表示的“距离”有少许差异。in the distance表示“在远处，远距离”，而at a distance表示“有一定距离，在稍远处”。
In the distance we saw the majestic Rocky Maintains.
我们望见了远处巍峨的落基山脉。
The shops were at a distance from where they lived.
商店离他们住所有一段距离。
13. set off 出发，动身，启程
set off = set out = set forth，都意为“出发，动身，启程”，只是set forth多用于文学中。
Hatch set off to make rounds, leaving Dick in a muse.
哈奇说着就巡逻去了，留下狄克沉浸在深思中。
He bade his wife farewell and set out on his journey.
他辞别了妻子便启程了。
They will set forth on a thirty-mile hike tomorrow afternoon.
他们将要在明天下午出发作30英里的徒步旅行。
拓展：
(1) set about sth/doing sth 开始做/着手做某事
(2) set against 使平衡
(3) set aside 留出，拨出；不顾，不理会
(4) set back 使受挫折
(5) set down 记下，写下，登记
(6) set up 竖立，建造；建立，创立
The school is 95 per cent minority.
这所学校里95%的学生来自少数族裔。
For a minority, the decision was a disappointment.
这个决定令少数人失望。
短语：
(1) be in a/the minority 占少数，成为少数派
(2) be in a minority of one 是惟一持不同意见者
辨析：
比较minority和majority
两者互为反义词，minority意思是“少数人；少数民族”，而majority意思是“大多数，大部分”。两者相应的形容词minor“较小的，次要的，轻微的”与major“主要的，重要的，大的”也互为反义词。
On the last point, he realized, he was a minority of one.
在这一点上，他知道自己是孤掌难鸣的少数派。
The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
Women played a relatively minor role in the organization.
在这个组织中，妇女发挥着相对次要的作用。
We have encountered major problems.
我们遇上了重大问题。
2. native adj. 出生地的，儿时居住地的；土生土长的，本地
的，当地的
n. 出生于某国（或某地）的人；本地人，当地人
It is long time since he has visited his native Poland.
他很久没回过他的家乡波兰了。
As a native Australian, do you have any suggestions or recommen-dations for our youth?
你在澳利亚土生土长，对我国年轻人有何建议或劝告?
After all, Carlo is a native of Nevada, and he knows his way around.
毕竟卡罗是土生土长的内华达州人。他在那一带路熟。
You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.
游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。
短语：
(1) be native to 原产于……
(2) go native 入乡随俗
3. run v. 控制，管理，经营；跑，奔跑；（使）运转，运行；
操作
Stop trying to run my life for me.
别老想操纵我的生活。
He has no idea how to run a business.
他丝毫不懂企业管理。
They turned and ran when they saw us coming.
他们看见我们过来，转身就跑。
Our van runs on diesel.
我们的货车用的是柴油。
Could you run the engine for a moment?
你来操作一会儿发动机好吗？
短语：
(1) run across sb/sth 偶然遇见/看到（某人/某物）
(2) run after 追求；追逐，追赶
(3) run at sb 向某人冲过去
(4) run away (from sb/sth) 突然离开，逃离
(5) run into sb/sth 偶然遇见，碰到（某人）；途中遭遇（恶
劣天气）；撞上
(6) run out 用完，耗尽；过期，失效
4. custom n. 风俗，习惯，传统，习俗；个人习惯，习性，
惯常行为
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.
女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
As was his custom, he knocked three times.
他敲了三下，这是他的习惯。
搭配：
custom of doing sth 做某事的习俗
The custom of planting it in the front yard with the shrubbery is fast going out of vogue.
把它和灌木一同种在前院里的老办法现在越来越不时兴了。
短语：
(1) break the custom 打破习俗
(2) follow the custom 遵守习俗
(3) keep up the custom 保持习俗
(4) by/according to the custom 按照习俗
辨析：
比较custom，habit和tradition
三者都有“习惯”的意思，其中custom指一个国家、民族、社会的行为方式或风俗习惯；habit则侧重于自然养成的、不易改掉的个人习惯；而tradition侧重世代相传的理论、行为规范和生活方式。 Social customs are greatly different from country to country.
国与国之间的社会风俗大不相同。
You need to change your eating habits.
你得改变你的饮食习惯。
They broke with tradition and got married quietly.
他们打破传统，毫不声张地结了婚。
拓展：
customary adj. 习俗的，习惯的
customer n. 顾客，主顾，客户
customs n.（政府部门）海关；关税，进口税
5. foolish adj. 愚蠢的，傻的；不知所措，出丑，显得尴尬
How could she have been so foolish as to fall in love with him?
她怎么这么傻，竟爱上了他？
He’s afraid of looking foolish in front of his friends.
他怕在朋友前面出丑。
拓展：
fool n. 蠢人，傻瓜
v. 欺骗，娱乐；说蠢话，干傻事
foolishly adv. 愚蠢地，傻地
foolish ness n. 愚蠢
6. firm adj. 牢固的，稳固的；坚固的，坚硬的，结实的；
坚定的，确定的，坚决的；严格的
adv. 坚信，坚持
v. 使强壮，使坚固，使坚实
n. 商行，商号，公司
Stand the fish tank on a firm base.
把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。
These peaches are still firm.
这些桃子还很硬。
We have no firm evidence to support the case.
我们没有确凿的证据支持这个案件。
She held firm to her principles.
她坚持自己的原则。
This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.
这个产品据称能在六周内使身体强壮。
They demanded the divorce of the subsidiary from the parent firm.
他们要求子公司与母公司分离。
短语：
(1) be firm against 坚决反对
(2) be firm with 对……严格的
7. fasten v.（使两部分）系牢，缚紧，扎牢，结牢，扣紧；
（使）关紧，盖好
(1) fasten (sth) (up) 把……系牢/扣紧
Fasten your seatbelts, please.
请系好安全带。
He fastened up his boat and hurried out.
他扣好大衣就匆匆出去了。
(2) fasten A to B = fasten A and B (together) 把A和B系牢（在
一起）
He fastened the papers together with a paper clip.
他用回形针别好了文件。
短语：
(1) fasten blame on sb/sth 责怪某人/某事
(2) fasten on(to) sb/sth 抓住；对……锲而不舍
(3) fasten on/upon 迅速决定采用（某一主意或方法）
(4) fasten one’s attention on sth 集中注意力于某事
(5) fasten one’s eyes on sb/sth 注视着（盯着）某人/某物
(6) fasten sth to/onto sth 把某物固定在某物上
8. fold v. 折叠，对折（纸、织物等）；折小，叠平；包，裹
n. 褶，褶层，褶叠部分；褶痕，褶缝
搭配：
(1) fold sth up(back/down/over...) 把……折叠/对折起来
He folded the map up and put it in his pocket.
他把地图折叠起来，然后放进了口袋。
The blankets had been folded down.
毛毯已折叠起来。
(2) fold (sth) away/down 把……折小/叠平
The bed can be folded away during the day.
这张床在白天可以折叠收起。
(3) fold A in B = fold B round/over A 把A包在B里；用B把A
包起来
She gently folded the baby in a blanket.
她轻轻地把婴儿裹在毯子里。
She folded a blanket around the baby.
她用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。
短语：
(1) fold sb in one’s arms 拥抱/搂住某人
(2) fold one’s arms 双臂交叉在胸前 (3) fold one’s hands 十指交叉合拢交叠
(4) fold sth in/into sth 把……调入，拌入
9. adjust v. 适应，使适应，习惯；调整，调节
搭配：
(1) adjust to sth/doing sth 适应某事/做某事
It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.
她离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。
(2) adjust oneself to sth 使自己适应某事
You’ll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
你将很快适应学生生活。
(3) adjust sth (to sth)（根据……）调整……
Adjust your language to the age of your audience.
要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。
拓展：
adjustment n. 调整，调节；（思想等）调整，适应
adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的
10. furnish v. 为（房屋或房间）配备家具，在（房屋等）内
布置家具；向（某人/某事物）供应，提供
搭配：
(1) be furnished with 装备有，安装有，陈设有
The room was furnished with antiques.
房间里摆放了古董。
(2) furnish sb/sth with sth 为……提供……
She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case.
她向他提供了与案件有关的真实情况。
11. in use 在使用
The size of the package in use determines the frequency of doffing.
所用卷装的尺寸决定了落纱的次数。
Among the many regulatory substances in use we have controllable and selective herbicides.
在所有的许多调节物质中，有控制性和选择性除草剂。
拓展：
use n. 用，使用，得到利用；用途，功能，用法
(1) be of use 有用的
(2) bring sth into use 把某物使用起来
(3) come into use 开始被使用
(4) make use of sth 利用某物
(5) put sth to use 把……投入使用
(6) be no use doing sth 做……没有用
(7) out of use 不再被使用
use v. 使用，利用，运用
(1) be/get used to sth/doing sth 习惯了某事/做某事
(2) be used to do sth 被用来做某事
(3) used to be 过去的样子或状态
(4) used to do sth 过去常常做某事
12. in the distance 在远处
The noise of the car died away in the distance.
汽车的声音消失在远方。
Sadly they saw the shores of England disappear in the distance.
他们黯然看着英国的海岸在远处消失。
拓展：
(1) at a distance 稍远一点；离一段距离
(2) at a distance of 以……距离
(3) keep sb at a distance 不与某人太亲近
辨析：
比较in the distance和at a distance
两者均有“在远处”的意思，只是两者表示的“距离”有少许差异。in the distance表示“在远处，远距离”，而at a distance表示“有一定距离，在稍远处”。
In the distance we saw the majestic Rocky Maintains.
我们望见了远处巍峨的落基山脉。
The shops were at a distance from where they lived.
商店离他们住所有一段距离。
13. set off 出发，动身，启程
set off = set out = set forth，都意为“出发，动身，启程”，只是set forth多用于文学中。
Hatch set off to make rounds, leaving Dick in a muse.
哈奇说着就巡逻去了，留下狄克沉浸在深思中。
He bade his wife farewell and set out on his journey.
他辞别了妻子便启程了。
They will set forth on a thirty-mile hike tomorrow afternoon.
他们将要在明天下午出发作30英里的徒步旅行。
拓展：
(1) set about sth/doing sth 开始做/着手做某事
(2) set against 使平衡
(3) set aside 留出，拨出；不顾，不理会
(4) set back 使受挫折
(5) set down 记下，写下，登记
(6) set up 竖立，建造；建立，创立