巴西不仅是拉美最早开始现代化的国家之一 ,也是拉美现代化程度最高的国家之一。自 1 9世纪 80年代末起 ,巴西开始启动现代化系统工程 ,经历了一个漫长崎岖的过程 ,围绕工业化这一主旋律 ,先后跨越了“西化”“巴西化”“进口替代工业化”和“新巴西现化化”四个阶段。这是一个不断进步、至今尚未完成的过程。巴西的现代化以欧洲“社会进化论”和“实证主义”、尤其以拉美发展主义为指导思想 ,以世界第二次工业化浪潮为背景和发展契机 ,以打造发达的现代工业国家与工业社会为目标 ,主要采取高效率的、非均衡的工业化方式 ,逐渐从一个落后的传统的农业国演化成一个具有中等发达水平的工业国。因此 ,工业化不仅是巴西现代化的主旋律 ,也是巴西现代化的实质所在。巴西工业道路既不同于美国式的工业化道路 ,也不同于苏联式的工业化道路 ,而是根据巴西国情探索出的一条混合型工业化道路 ,呈现出突出的计划性、深刻的内向性、鲜明的赶超性等特点 Brazil is not only one of the earliest countries in Latin America to start modernization, but also one of the countries with the highest degree of modernization in Latin America. Since the late 1980s, Brazil started the system modernization project. After going through a long and rugged process, around the theme of industrialization, Brazil has successively crossed the boundaries of “westernization,” “Brazilization,” “import substitution and industrialization,” and “ Chemical ”four stages. This is a process of continuous improvement that has not been completed yet. Brazil’s modernization takes Europe’s “social evolution theory” and “positivism” as its guiding ideology, taking Latin American developmentism as its guiding ideology and the second wave of industrialization in the world as its background and development opportunity. It aims at building a developed modern industrialized country and an industrial society, It mainly takes an efficient and non-balanced industrialization and gradually evolves from a backward, traditional agricultural country into an industrialized country with a medium level of development. Therefore, industrialization is not only the main theme of Brazil’s modernization, but also the essence of Brazil’s modernization. The industrial road to Brazil is different from the American-style industrialized road and from the Soviet-type industrialized road. It is a mixed-type industrialized road that has been explored based on the national conditions of Brazil and shows outstanding planning, deep introvertedness and distinct catch-up Super and other characteristics