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本文着重说明混流式水轮机汽蚀和水流不稳定性的重要性和原型试验的必要性。扼要叙述了包括汽蚀噪声和压力脉动测试的原型试验过程。试验结果用水头——出力坐标图中的等噪声等级线和等压力脉动线表示,可方便地应用于真机运行。论述了水轮机安全运行区界限的作用。试验结果可用于检查压力脉动时瞬时汽蚀的发生及选择合适的叶片出水边几何形状。
This article highlights the importance of cavitation and flow instability in Francis turbines and the need for prototype testing. A brief description of the prototype test process including cavitation noise and pressure pulsation testing is provided. Test results with the head - output coordinates of the iso-noise level lines and pressure pulse lines that can be easily applied to real machine operation. The function of the limit of the safe running area of turbine is discussed. The test results can be used to check the occurrence of instantaneous cavitation during pressure pulsation and to select the appropriate blade edge geometry.