胎盘滋养层细胞作为胎盘屏障的主要组成细胞,不仅介导运输母体中的营养物质和免疫球蛋白给胎儿,并分泌激素和蛋白质进入母胎循环。研究者采用percoll密度梯度离心法、组织块法等不同细胞培养分离方法培养出纯度高的原代滋养层细胞,从而研究妊娠期受体介导母婴传播乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)进入细胞的分子机制。目前,已有学者以正常组织或绒毛膜癌组织建立起不同的滋养层细胞系,作为受体、激素在胎盘屏障转运机制的研究模型。文章就滋养层细胞的原代培养方法及已建立的滋养层细胞系与其应用进行了综述。 Placental trophoblast cells, as the major constituent cells of the placental barrier, mediate the transport of nutrients and immunoglobulins from the maternal to the fetus and secretion of hormones and proteins into the maternal circulation. Researchers using percoll density gradient centrifugation, tissue culture and other cell culture separation methods to cultivate high purity primary trophoblast cells, so as to study the pregnancy-mediated transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) The molecular mechanism of hepatitis virus (HCV) entry into cells. At present, some scholars have established different trophoblast cell lines in normal tissue or choriocarcinoma as receptor and hormone in the placental barrier transport mechanism research model. This article reviews the primary culture methods of trophoblast cells and the established trophoblast cell lines and their applications.