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本文着重介绍当前国外非金属纤维复合材料细观断裂过程及粗观断裂理论和方法研究两个主要方面的基本动向:细观断裂研究正处于提出模型阶段,其重心在裂纹顶端亚临界损伤区的扩展、即裂纹稳定扩展阶段上,以在周围为无限大均匀介质镶嵌着裂纹顶端的局部非均质区这个模型为代表。粗观断裂研究立足于简化的复合材料模型和经典的断裂理论,把非均匀各向异性理想化为均质翼性体,把固有的三维性质理想化为二维平面问题,其中以经典断裂力学方法和经典理论与缺口理论相结合的方法最为活跃。据此,作者提出关于船用玻璃钢断裂研究的基本设想:研究玻璃钢在海水介质下的断裂过程以及影响该过程的材料工艺、界面粘结等因素,从而找出提高其韧性的方法。
In this paper, we mainly introduce the basic trends of the two main aspects of the meso-fracture process and the theory and method of macroscopic rupture of foreign non-metallic fiber composites: the study of meso-fracture is in the stage of modeling and the center of gravity is in the subcritical damage zone Expansion, that is, the stage of stable crack growth, is represented by a model of a local inhomogeneous zone with a crack tip embedded in an infinitely uniform surrounding medium. Based on the simplified composite model and the classical fracture theory, the study of gross rupture has idealized the non-uniform anisotropy as a homogeneous wing body and idealized the inherent three-dimensional nature as a two-dimensional plane problem. In the classical fracture mechanics Methods and methods of classical theory and gap theory are the most active. Based on this, the author put forward the basic assumptions about the FRP fracture research of ship, and studied the fracture process of FRP in seawater medium and the material technology and interfacial bonding that affect the process, so as to find the way to improve its toughness.