糖尿病是一组以血中葡萄糖增高为特征的常见代谢病。其发病原因和机理尚不完全清楚,但公认是由于体内胰岛素不足,细胞膜胰岛素受体或受体后缺陷和/或胰高血糖素增多所引起的碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质代谢紊乱,伴有水、电解质和酸碱平衡失调而产生的临床综合征。典型显性糖尿病有所谓三多一少症状,即多尿、多饮、多食和体重减轻。也有无症状,但化验检查发现高糖血症。甚至有的需要做标准葡萄糖耐量试验才能证实其为糖尿病。这些所谓无症状性,亚临床性或隐性糖尿病,往往容易漏诊或误诊,不能不引起临床各种医师的重视。糖尿病患者可发生急性和慢性并发症,如酮症酸中毒、非酮症高渗性昏迷、急性感染神经病变、白内障、视网膜病变肾脏病变和动脉粥样硬化等。 Diabetes is a group of common metabolic diseases characterized by an increase in blood glucose. The etiology and mechanism of the disease are not fully understood, but it is generally accepted that carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism disorders caused by inadequate insulin, cell membrane insulin receptor or post-receptor defects, and / or increased glucagon are associated with water , Electrolytes and acid-base balance disorders arising from clinical syndrome. Typical dominant diabetes has so-called more than one less symptoms, namely, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weight loss. There are asymptomatic, but laboratory tests found that hyperglycemia. Some even need to do a standard glucose tolerance test to confirm that it is diabetes. These so-called asymptomatic, subclinical or tacit diabetes, often easy to miss or misdiagnosis, can not but cause the clinical attention of all kinds of physicians. Diabetic patients can develop acute and chronic complications such as ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma, acute infectious neuropathy, cataract, retinopathy of renal disease and atherosclerosis.