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燃烧秸秆和过量使用化肥导致大量生物质能源浪费,进而削弱了农业生态系统固碳能力.为了保证农田生态系统的固碳潜力和粮食产量,本研究组在中国东部温带农村设计了一个生态农场,将玉米秸秆粉碎后饲养肉牛,然后将牛粪腐熟后施入冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田中.设计了4种不同的有机肥和无机肥配施比例:100%有机肥、100%化肥、75%有机肥+25%化肥以及50%有机肥+50%化肥.根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)2006年的方法,计算了温室气体排放量.结果表明,用有机肥替代化肥可显著减少温带农田温室气体排放量.与此同时,施用有机肥还增加了土壤肥力,进而提高了小麦和玉米产量.有机肥全部替代化肥后,农田变为典型的碳库;而全部施用化肥,农田则为典型碳源.该研究可为提高农业生态系统应对气候变化提供科学依据.
In order to ensure the carbon sequestration potential and grain yield of farmland ecosystem, the research team designed an ecological farm in the temperate rural areas of eastern China, The corn stalks were crushed and then beef cattle were bred, then the cow dung was decomposed and applied to the winter wheat-summer maize rotation farmland.The proportion of four kinds of organic and inorganic fertilizers was designed: 100% organic fertilizer, 100% chemical fertilizer, 75% Organic Fertilizers + 25% Fertilizers and 50% Organic Fertilizers + 50% Fertilizers Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated according to the method of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2006. The results show that the replacement of fertilizers with organic fertilizers can significantly reduce the temperate Farmland greenhouse gas emissions at the same time, the use of organic fertilizer also increased soil fertility, thereby increasing the yield of wheat and corn.All the organic fertilizers to replace fertilizers, the farmland into a typical carbon pool; and the full use of chemical fertilizers, farmland was A typical carbon source, this study may provide a scientific basis for improving agro-ecosystem responses to climate change.