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一、森林采伐量与森林调整: 现实的天然林,无论同龄林或异龄林,它们的年龄结构、面积分配、株数结构都很不理想,因此,需要采取各种措施进行调整。如:对于经营树种及组成树种不理想的,可以通过采伐、人工更新造林、抚育间伐、林分改造等措施来实现;对于同龄林的面积结构和龄级结构可以通过皆伐作业或渐伐作业以及合理的年伐量来调整;对于异龄林中的年龄结构及株数结构可以通过采伐作业及合理的择伐量来调整。因此,合理确定森林采伐量,是调整森林结构、实现森林永续利用的重要手段。也是森林经理学的核心问题之一。
First, the amount of forest harvesting and forest adjustment: The actual natural forest, regardless of the same age or heterogeneous forest, their age structure, area allocation, number of trees structure is not ideal, therefore, need to take various measures to be adjusted. For example, the management of tree species and the composition of tree species is not ideal, can be achieved by cutting, artificial regeneration afforestation, tending thinning, reforestation and other measures to achieve; for the same age forest area structure and age structure can be clear-cut operations or tapping operations As well as a reasonable annual cut to adjust; age structure and number of trees in the heterogeneous forest structure can be adjusted by cutting operations and a reasonable amount of selective cutting. Therefore, a reasonable determination of the amount of forest harvesting is an important means to adjust the forest structure and achieve sustainable forest use. It is also one of the core issues for forest managers.