肉鸡养殖屠宰加工环节大肠埃希菌耐药性及新冠疫情期间消毒剂使用对耐药性影响分析

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目的 了解我国肉鸡养殖屠宰加工环节大肠埃希菌的耐药状况,并探究新冠疫情期间消毒剂的使用对其耐药性的影响.方法 针对我国河南、山东和辽宁三省肉鸡养殖场和屠宰厂中分离获得的722株大肠埃希菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法对12类27种抗菌药物开展耐药性检测,并以山东分离株为例分析新冠疫情发生前后菌株耐药性变化.结果 722株养殖和屠宰加工环节大肠埃希菌分离株中,96.0%为耐药株,6类9种药物的耐药率在75%以上,最高为氨苄西林(AMP)达88.1%,多西环素(DOX)等8种药物的中介率超过10%,多重耐药株占全部耐药菌株的94.7%,共有517种耐药谱,耐受10类和9类药物的菌株数量最多,118株菌可同时耐受11类药物,其中2株可对24种药物耐药.新冠肺炎疫情后山东省大肠埃希菌分离株对DOX、多粘菌素B(PB)以及氨苄西林-舒巴坦(AMS)/阿莫西林-克拉维酸(AMC)的耐药性有明显提升.结论 我国禽类养殖和屠宰加工环节大肠埃希菌分离株的耐药性整体处于较高水平,多重耐药严重,可能与相关药物在食品链条上游的长期普遍使用有关.新冠疫情期间,肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工环节实施的消毒措施,可能对大肠埃希菌分离株对部分抗菌药物耐药水平的提升有一定影响,应从预防角度入手开展持续主动监测,以充分评估消毒剂使用对食品链条中致病菌分离株耐药性提升的风险.
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