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一、前言著名的史学家陈寅恪先生曾说:“一时代之学术,必有其新材料与新问题。取用此材料,以研求问题,则为此时代学术之新潮流。治学之士得预于此潮流者,谓之预流(借用佛教初果之名)。其未预者,谓之未人流。此古今学术史之通义,非彼闭门造车之徒所能同喻者也。敦煌学者,今日世界学术之新潮流。”①这段话虽然旨在阐述敦煌学利用新材料解决问题的重要性,但同时也指出研究学问必须要充分掌握新史料。新史料系指以往为人所忽视的史料,包括遗迹、遗物或地下新出土的文物等。研究秦汉时期的历史,因传统的文献史料较少,所以对新史料的依赖性,较其他断代史来得大。与秦汉史研究有关的新史料,有玺印、封泥、壁画、画像石、画像砖、兵马俑、简牍及帛书等。本文仅就简牍与帛书二者,作概略性的介绍。
I. Preface The famous historian Mr. Chen Yinque once said: “The academic of one era must have its new materials and new problems. Taking this material for research is the new trend of the academic era. The preconception of this trend is prejudiced by borrowing the initial meaning of Buddhism from the preconceived notion that it has not flowed yet. Dunhuang scholars, the new trend of the world academic today. ”① Although this passage aims to explain the importance of using new materials to solve problems in Dunhuang Studies, it also points out that research knowledge must fully grasp new historical materials. New historical materials refer to historical data that were neglected by people in the past, including relics, relics or underground unearthed relics. The study of the history of the Qin and Han Dynasties, because of the traditional literature less historical material, so the reliance on new historical materials, more than other dynasties history. New historical materials related to the history of the Qin and Han Dynasties are: Seal, Seal, Mural, Portrait Stone, Portrait Brick, Terracotta Warriors, Bamboo Slips and Silk. This article only briefly and silk both, for a brief introduction.