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对于人身伤害,被害人同意通常被认为是无效的。现实中,法院往往以保护被害人或者第三人的利益为由,否定被害人同意的效力。然而,由于有大量的例外情况存在,且其得不到合理的解释,这使得被害人同意的效力充满了极大的不确定性。揭示同意对行为之评价产生影响的机制,则可以降低这种不确定性。根据规范说和伦理主义,被害人同意系故意伤害罪的正当化事由,并非是犯罪构成要件要素。故意伤害禁止所保护的法益是人们的自决权和人格尊严等重大利益,被害人同意的效力实质上都是有效的,其只是否定行为的侵权性,并不否定行为对人格尊严的侵犯。这样,被害人同意只能阻却行为的部分违法性。如果在实体上有充分理由,被害人同意则可以完全阻却伤害行为的违法性。
Victim consent is generally considered invalid for personal injury. In reality, the court often negates the validity of the victim’s consent on the ground of protecting the victim or the interests of the third party. However, due to the large number of exceptions and their lack of reasonable interpretation, there is a great deal of uncertainty about the validity of the victim’s consent. Revealing that consent has a mechanism that affects the evaluation of behavior reduces this uncertainty. According to normative and ethical principles, the victim’s consent to the justification of the crime of intentional injury is not an element of the elements of the crime. The legal benefits protected by intentional injury are the people’s right to self-determination and personal dignity. The validity of the victim’s consent is virtually valid. It only negates the infringement of the act and does not negate the violation of human dignity. In this way, the consent of the victim can only hinder the part of the illegal behavior. If there is good reason in the entity, the consent of the victim can completely obstruct the illegality of the injury.