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在相对论近波振荡器工作用腔内加载适量密度的背景等离子体后，器件综合性能较真空情况有显著改善和提高，最近的理论和实验研究结果揭示：背景等离子体的存在能显著地改善相对论电子注传输质量和提高电子注可传输的流强，提高输出功率容量；增强微波产生效率；控制等离子体密度能宽带调谐工作频率；能降低甚至不用聚束磁场等优点。本文全面系统地综述了国内外在等离子体加载相对论近波管研究中的最新进展情况，提出了理论和实验研究两方面存在的问题，展望了该研究领域的未来发展趋势。
After the relative density plasma is loaded into the working cavity of the relativistic near-wave oscillator, the overall performance of the device is significantly improved and improved compared with that of the vacuum. Recent theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that the presence of the background plasma can significantly improve the relativity Electron injection mass and improve electronic injection flow can be transmitted to improve the output power capacity; enhance the efficiency of microwave generation; control plasma density broadband tuning frequency; can reduce or even do not need to bundle the magnetic field and so on. In this paper, we review the latest progress in the research of plasma-loaded relativistic near-far-wave tubes at home and abroad comprehensively and systematically, and put forward the problems existing in both theoretical and experimental research. We expect the future development trend in this field.