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本文以优质强筋小麦临优145和临汾138为例,研究分析了肥料施用量和氮肥种类对小麦产量及其品质的影响。结果表明:在本试验范围内,氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别为210kg?hm-2,135kg?hm-2,210kg?hm-2时,小麦产量最高。增施氮肥,可增加穗粒数、千粒重和成穗数,提高产量。蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值随着氮肥用量的增加而提高,品质得到改善。增施钾肥,可降低株高、增加千粒重、穗粒数和成穗数,提高产量。临优145对肥料反应不太敏感,产量、品质比较稳定。临汾138的产量、品质随氮肥施用量的增加而提高;但钾肥用量需适中,有利于改善品质。在施用尿素的基础上施用硫铵,不仅小麦得到增产,且湿面筋含量和沉降值都有所提高,改善了小麦烘烤品质,有利于强筋小麦高产、优质。
In this paper, high-gluten wheat Linyou 145 and Linfen 138 were taken as examples to study the effects of different fertilizer application rates and nitrogen fertilizer types on wheat yield and quality. The results showed that the yield of wheat was the highest in the range of 210 kg? Hm-2, 135 kg? Hm-2,210 kg? Hm-2, respectively. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer can increase the number of grains per spike, the weight of 1000 seeds and the number of spikes, and increase the yield. The protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer dosage, and the quality was improved. Increasing potassium fertilizer can reduce plant height, increase 1000-grain weight, spike grain number and spike number, and increase yield. Pro 145 is less sensitive to fertilizer, yield, quality is relatively stable. The yield and quality of Linfen 138 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. However, the amount of potash fertilizer needed to be moderate, which is good for improving the quality. Application of ammonium sulfate on the basis of urea application not only increased wheat yield, and wet gluten content and sedimentation value have increased, improving wheat baking quality, is conducive to high gluten wheat high yield, high quality.