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精准治理成为农村基层治理现代化的一项新指标,本文通过对农村低保政策实践的历史考察,发现精准治理受制于“非数字化”的乡土社会。农村低保的精准治理大致经历了政策执行偏差期、资源属性异化期以及政策目标回归期三个阶段。首先,基于农民收入、民主评议、乡镇核查三大现实困境而产生的政策执行偏差导致低保“失序初现”;接着,低保资源属性异化引发“低保身份”竞争使得低保“失序加剧”;2015年以来,地方政府通过采取家庭收入科学核算、“次标准”硬执行、低保动态调整等措施促使农村低保实践回归政策原生目标。在技术治理支持下,低保秩序由失序逐步走向有序,为农村低保精准治理走出困境提供了有益经验。
Precise governance has become a new indicator of the modernization of rural grassroots governance. Through a historical review of the practice of rural minimum security policies, this paper finds that accurate governance is controlled by the “non-digitized” native society. Precise governance of rural subsistence allowances has generally experienced three stages: deviation of policy implementation period, alienation of resource attributes and return of policy objectives. First of all, the deviation of policy implementation based on the three major realities of peasants’ income, democratic appraisal and township verification led to the development of “low birth insurance ” and “out of order ”. Secondly, the alienation of low-insurance resource attributes led to the competition of “subsistence allowances” Since 2015, local governments have adopted measures such as scientific calculation of household income, hard implementation of “sub-standard” and dynamic adjustment of dibao to promote the return of rural dibao practice to the original policy goal. With the support of technical governance, the order of low-income families has gradually gone from disorder to order and provided useful experiences for rural residents to take precautions against them.