任何社会的存续都离不开化解纠纷的机制。在化解纠纷这种特殊人类活动的逻辑结构中,有一个不可或缺的环节就是案件事实的证明。案件事实的证明大致有两种方式,一种是非理性的司法证明方式,如神示裁判、决斗裁判、宣誓裁判等等;另一种是理性的司法证明方式,即证据裁判方式。前者是外在于案件事实的证明方式,是一种以人类理性臣服于外在物理力量、自然力量 The existence of any society can not be separated from the mechanism of resolving disputes. An indispensable link in resolving the logical structure of disputes about disputes and special human activities is the proof of the facts of the case. Proof of the facts of the case there are two ways, one is irrational judicial evidence, such as divine referee, duel referee, oath adjudication and so on; the other is a rational way of judicial evidence, that is evidence of refereeing. The former is the external proof of the facts of the case, is a way to surrender to human external reason physical forces, natural forces