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1965年当国会通过老年医疗保险制度和医疗困难补助制度时,人们就担心这两个制度会过分加重医疗机构的负担,从而增加医疗卫生费用。为防止出现这种可能,国会规定凡参加老年医疗保险制度的医院和疗养院都必须成立医疗审查委员会。五年之后,这种努力看来是失败了,原因是多方面的。于是,国会于1972年又通过了成立专业医疗标准审查组(PSRO)的立法。这是一个全国性机构,其任务是监督医疗卫生的费用和质量。该立法还规定,在PSRO能有效地发挥作用前,各州应成立审查医疗困难补助制度
When the Congress passed the old-age medical insurance system and the medical hardship subsidy system in 1965, people worried that the two systems would overburden the medical institutions and increase the cost of medical care. In order to prevent this possibility, Congress has stipulated that all hospitals and nursing homes that participate in the medical insurance system for the elderly must establish medical review boards. Five years later, this effort seems to have failed. There are many reasons for this. So, in 1972, Congress passed the legislation to establish a professional medical standards review group (PSRO). This is a national institution whose task is to monitor the cost and quality of health care. The legislation also stipulates that before the PSRO can effectively play its role, the states should set up a review of the medical difficulties subsidy system.