中日两国,一衣带水,两国之间友好往来,源远流长。古代中国悠久而灿烂的文化曾使日本钦羡不已,处处仿效。正如日本学者实藤惠秀所言:“千多年来,日本在思想、文学、制度,以及衣、食、住等日常生活上,都深受中国影响。日本人因而对中国敬仰有加,直到德川时代(1600—1867)末年,崇尚中华文物的风尚依然热烈。”①随着西学东渐的潮流,西学在十六世纪下半期已先后不同程度地传入了中国和日本,从利玛窦1581年来华至第一次鸦片战争时期,中国与日本相比,在接受西学方面走在前列,中国人和汉译西学著作对日本人了解西学曾起过重要的中介作用。十九世纪中期,中日两国都面临着严重的民族危机,为了抵抗强悍的西方侵略者,就必须学习先进的西方,学习西方已成为两国的当务之急。这时魏源的《海国图志》及 China and Japan, a strip of water, and the friendly exchanges between the two countries have a long history. The long and splendid culture of ancient China once admired Japan endlessly and imitated it everywhere. As Japane Shimizuhito said: “For thousands of years, Japan has been deeply influenced by China in its daily life such as ideology, literature, institution, clothing, food, housing, etc. As a result, Japanese people have much to admire China, It was not until the end of the Tokugawa period (1600-1867) that the cult of Chinese relics was still warm. ”①With the trend of Western learning, Western learning was introduced into China and Japan to varying degrees in the second half of the 16th century, Sin to the first Opium War in 1581, China was at the forefront of Western learning when compared to Japan. Chinese and Chinese translations of Western learning played an important intermediary role in understanding Japanese learning by the Japanese. In the mid-nineteenth century, both China and Japan faced serious ethnic crises. To resist the mighty Western aggressors, they must learn from the advanced West and learning the West has become a top priority for both countries. Wei Yuan at this time “the map of the sea” and