特里·伊格尔顿是一位有着强烈精英意识的西方马克思主义学派的代表人物。他认为文学是社会意识形态的一支,对其进行分析研究的文学理论也必定具有意识形态性。二者与社会权力关系密切,都为作为少数的统治阶级所用。上述观点散见于其所著的《文学理论导论》中。在该书的结论部分,伊格尔顿引入了文化批评。不过在此过程中,笔者认为伊格尔顿对文学理论的政治倾向的理解已有了与导言部分不一致的地方,有违其精英立场。 Terry Eagleton is a representative of a strongly elitist Western Marxist school. He believes that literature is one of the social ideologies and that literary theories that analyze and study it must also be ideological. Both are closely related to social power and are used by the ruling class as a minority. This view is found in his Introduction to Literary Theory. Eagleton introduced cultural criticism in the concluding part of the book. However, in the process, I believe that Eagleton’s understanding of the political orientation of literary theory has been inconsistent with the introductory part, contrary to its elite position.