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为研究准东煤田露天矿区土壤重金属污染现状,分析了研究区Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg和As这6种土壤重金属含量水平,采用内梅罗指数法、地质累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法对准东矿区土壤重金属进行评价,并利用分层比较、降尘法以及距离分析,结合统计分析法对金属污染来源进行分析.结果表明,与环境质量Ⅰ级标准相比,As超标最严重,Cr次之,Hg、Cu超标率较小,Zn、Pb未检出超限;以环境质量Ⅰ级标准为评价依据,研究区土壤重金属总体处于轻度污染水平,单项污染指数依次为As(2.07)>Cr(0.95)>Cu(0.55)>Zn(0.48)>Hg(0.45)>Pb(0.38),除As为重度污染外,其他均为清洁水平;Hg的地质累积指数为1.14,为中度污染;研究区生态风险等级为中,主要贡献因子是Hg,生态危害系数为251.40;重金属来源分析表明:Pb在剖面中的变异性主要来自于煤炭燃烧或其他人为活动,Hg和As元素可能共同来源于煤炭燃烧的释放,距离矿区的远近不是影响重金属差异的主要因素,还可能与地形、坡向、风向等其他因素有关.
In order to study the present situation of soil heavy metal pollution in the opencast mining area of Zhudong coalfield, the levels of heavy metals in six soil types of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg and As in the study area were analyzed. The Nemerow index method, geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk Index method was applied to evaluate the heavy metals in the soil of the East Mine, and stratified comparison, dustfall method and distance analysis were used to analyze the sources of metal pollution with statistical analysis.The results showed that compared with Grade I standard of environmental quality, As exceeded the most serious , Cr was the second, Hg and Cu exceeded the standard rate, and Zn and Pb were not detected as overrun. According to Grade I environmental quality standard, the heavy metals in the soil of the study area were slightly polluted, and the single pollution index was As 2.07)> Cr (0.95)> Cu (0.55)> Zn (0.48)> Hg (0.45)> Pb (0.38), except that As was heavily polluted. Moderate pollution; the ecological risk level of the study area was medium, the main contribution factor was Hg, and the ecological hazard coefficient was 251.40. The analysis of heavy metal sources indicated that the variability of Pb in the section mainly came from coal combustion or other anthropogenic activities. The Hg and As elements May come together from coal combustion Release, not a major factor affecting the difference of distance heavy metal mine, may also be related to other factors such as terrain, slope, wind direction.