目的 :探讨铁对肾移植术后早期贫血改善的影响 ,以及患者是否需要补铁。　 方法 :42例成功肾移植患者术后观察血红蛋白、血肌酐、血清铁蛋白、血清铁、总铁结合力和转铁蛋白饱和度等参数变化 3个月 ,其中 2 4例铁缺乏者随机分成口服铁剂治疗的补铁组和不补铁的低铁组 ,18例正常铁蛋白者为对照的正常铁组。　 结果 :正常铁组术后血红蛋白迅速上升 ,均在术后 2个月内纠正贫血。低铁组血红蛋白上升缓慢 ,贫血纠正时间比正常铁组显著延长 (P <0 0 1) ,且有 3例发展为小细胞低色素性贫血。补铁组在口服补铁后 ,血红蛋白比低铁组显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ,血清铁蛋白在补铁期间的第 1个月也比低铁组显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且其贫血纠正时间与正常铁组无差异。　 结论 :铁是影响肾移植术后贫血改善的重要因素 ,铁缺乏会延迟肾移植患者的贫血纠正 ,对伴有中重度贫血的铁缺乏者应口服补铁 ,并监测血红蛋白水平 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of iron on the improvement of early anemia after kidney transplantation and whether patients need iron supplementation. Methods: Forty-two patients with successful renal transplantation underwent 3-month observation of hemoglobin, serum creatinine, serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation. 24 of them were randomly divided into oral administration of iron deficiency Iron-treated iron supplementation group and non-iron-supplemented iron group, 18 cases of normal ferritin control group of normal iron. Results: Hemoglobin in patients with normal iron group increased rapidly, and the anemia was corrected within 2 months after operation. The hemoglobin in low-iron group increased slowly, and the time for correcting anemia was significantly longer than that in normal iron group (P <0.01). Three cases developed small cell hypochromic anemia. In the iron supplementation group, hemoglobin was significantly higher than that in the low iron group (P <0.01), and serum ferritin was also significantly higher than that in the low iron group (P <0 0) in the first month of iron supplementation 5), and the anemia correction time and normal iron group no difference. CONCLUSIONS: Iron is an important factor that affects anemia after renal transplantation. Iron deficiency delays the correction of anemia in renal transplant recipients. Oral iron supplementation should be given to iron-deficient patients with moderate to severe anemia and hemoglobin levels monitored