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现代给药系统要求药物在充分发挥疗效的同时毒副作用小,这就需要药物能被特异转运至靶组织、靶细胞,甚至是特定的细胞器,如细胞质基质、细胞核、线粒体、溶酶体、内质网等。阻碍药物达到靶点的主要屏障有细胞膜、溶酶体降解作用和细胞器膜。纳米载体既可保护药物特别是蛋白、酶、DNA等活性分子,也便于进行功能改进和修饰。本文重点总结了纳米载体通过各种功能修饰克服各种屏障作用,在进入细胞后对细胞质基质、细胞核、线粒体、溶酶体和内质网的靶向作用。
Modern drug delivery systems require that drugs exert their therapeutic effects with little to no side-effects, which requires the drug to be specifically transported to target tissues, target cells, or even specific organelles such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, Quality network and so on. The main barriers to drug targets are cell membranes, lysosomal degradation and organelle membranes. Nanocarriers can protect drugs, especially proteins, enzymes, DNA and other active molecules, but also facilitate functional improvements and modifications. This review focuses on the various functional modifications of nanocarriers to overcome various barrier functions and to target the cytoplasmic matrix, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum upon entry into the cell.