《孟子》中的“良”字,除了优良和首长这两种意思外,还有一种作“本性”解的特殊含义,前人没有察觉,兹讨论之。请看例句: 人之所不学而能者,其良能也;所不虑而知者,其良知也。(尽心上)这一段话,总的意思很清楚。“良能”即“不学而能者”;“良知”即“不虑而知者”。但具体到其中的“良”字,前人或是避而不释,或是解释错了。例如孙奭疏:“孟子言人之所以不学而性自能是谓良能也,所以不待思索而自然知者是谓良知者也。”杨 The “good” character in “Mencius”, apart from the two meanings of being excellent and being a leader, has a special meaning of “nature” solution. See example: people do not learn to be able to, their good energy also; do not consider the knowledge, its conscience also. (Dedication) this passage, the general meaning is clear. “Good” means “no one can learn”; “conscience” means “do not think about it.” However, specific to which the “good” word, the former either avoided or explained, or explained wrong. For example, Sun Yatsu: “The reason why Mencius does not learn from nature and self-energy is good, so do not be wondering but natural knowledge is the conscience.” Yang