Nonhuman primates are closest to humans in terms of lineage，and middle cerebral artery rnischemia/reperfusion responses of nonhuman primates are most similar to ischemic stroke in rnhumans．Therefore，nonhuman primates could be utilized to simulate the process of ischemic stroke rnin the human．Few studies，however，have reported the use of endovascular technology to establish rna rhesus monkey stroke model．In the present study，seven adult，male，rhesus monkeys were rnselected and，following anesthesia，a microcatheter was inserted into one side of the middle rncerebral artery via the femoral artery to block blood flow，thereby resulting in middle cerebral artery rnocclusion．After 2 hours，the microcatheter was withdrawn to restore the middle cerebral artery rnblood flow and to establish ischemia/reperfusion．Results from angiography and magnetic rnresonance angiography confirmed occlusion and reopening of the middle cerebral artery．Magnetic rnresonance imaging revealed the existence of ischemic brain lesions，and neurological examination rnshowed sustained functional deficits following surgery．The rhesus monkey middle cerebral artery rnischemia/reperfusion models established by microcatheter embolization had the advantage of rnnon—craniotomy invasion and reproducibility．The scope and degree of ischemic damage using this rnmodel was controllable．Therefore，this nonhuman primate model is an ideal model for cerebral rnischemia and reperfusion．