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利用匈牙利Balaton湖流域200多个农场田块1981—2002年的作物产量、施肥量和土壤养分历史资料,分析施肥量和作物产量的关系,探讨施肥量剧减对作物产量的影响。结果表明,该区在经历上世纪80年代末社会经济变革之后,几种作物施肥量剧烈下降,其中氮肥降低了25%~36%,而磷钾肥降低了80%以上;但这种剧烈降低并没有引起作物大幅度减产,小麦产量变化不大,其他作物产量降低幅度不到10%,也远远低于肥料降低幅度;同时,土壤有效磷钾含量也有下降;并且,化肥用量的下降也对Balaton湖水质量改善有一定贡献。该区的经验对我国改变目前这种过量施肥的局面、减少土壤养分过量积累、调整化肥发展方向等均有一定借鉴作用。
Based on the historical data of crop yield, fertilizer amount and soil nutrient in more than 200 farm plots in the Balaton lake basin of Hungary from 1981 to 2002, the relationship between fertilization amount and crop yield was analyzed to discuss the effect of crop yield reduction on crop yield. The results showed that after the socio-economic change in the late 1980s, the area experienced a sharp decline in the amount of fertilizer applied to several crops, of which nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 25% -36%, while phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were reduced by more than 80% Did not lead to a substantial crop yield reduction, little change in wheat yield, less than 10% reduction in yield of other crops is also far below the rate of fertilizer reduction; the same time, soil available phosphorus and potassium content also declined; and, the decline in fertilizer use Balaton Lake water quality improvement to a certain extent. The experience in this area has certain reference value for our country to change the current situation of excessive fertilization, reduce excessive accumulation of soil nutrients, and adjust the development direction of fertilizers.