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密云水库为华北地区最大的水库,供给北京市90%的生活生产用水,但是面临着严重的生态环境问题,主要表现为水土流失严重、化肥农药不正当使用造成水源污染、库区污染严重等。造成环境污染的主要原因有农林产品供需缺口拉大、过度放牧、基础设施建设等导致资源配置紊乱的宏观经济因素;市场失灵、政策失灵和其它原因。为了保护密水云水库这一重要基础设施,国家先后采取了大力造林,营造水库水源涵养林等,取得了比较明显的生态经济效果。为了更好地保护密云水库,改善生态环境,有必要采取重要措施。环境经济政策为一重要手段,政策设计战略指导为双赢政策,政策设计模式采取政府+市场+农户的模式,充分发挥市场、政府和农户的作用。并提出了具体宏观、技术、部门环境经济政策。采用回归模型对提出的政策进行模拟,模拟结果表明水源涵养林的收入和补偿费的高低对水源涵养林投资的影响最大,均超过了10%。
Miyun Reservoir is the largest reservoir in North China and supplies 90% of the water for domestic production in Beijing. However, it faces serious ecological and environmental problems. The main problems are water and soil loss, improper use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and serious pollution in the reservoir area. The main causes of environmental pollution are the macroeconomic factors leading to the dislocation of resources, such as the widening gap between supply and demand of agricultural and forestry products, excessive grazing, and infrastructure construction; market failure, policy failures and other reasons. In order to protect this important infrastructure of Miyun Reservoir, the state has taken great efforts to afforest and build reservoirs of water conservation forests, which have yielded obvious ecological and economic results. In order to better protect the Miyun Reservoir and improve the ecological environment, it is necessary to take important measures. Environmental economic policy is an important means, and the policy design strategy guide is a win-win policy. The policy design mode adopts the mode of government + market + peasant household, giving full play to the role of market, government and peasant household. And put forward the specific macroscopic, technical, sectoral environmental economic policies. The regression model is used to simulate the proposed policy. The simulation results show that the income and compensation of water conservation forests have the greatest impact on the investment of water conservation forests, both exceeding 10%.