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目的调查芜湖市城区3~6岁儿童过敏性疾病的发病状况及影响因素,为儿童过敏性疾病的预防提供依据。方法整群抽取芜湖市9所幼儿园的1 912名儿童,使用问卷调查收集学龄前儿童既往确诊的过敏性疾病情况,分析其影响因素。结果学龄前儿童过敏性疾病总患病率为40.8%,男童过敏性疾病总患病率(57.1%)显著高于女童总患病率(42.9%),(P<0.05),不同年龄组别过敏性总患病率无显著差异;学龄前儿童发生的过敏性疾病症状发生率最高的是湿疹(32.5%),依次为过敏性鼻炎(7.8%)、食物过敏(6.4%)、哮喘(4.1%)、过敏性结膜炎(2.2%);男童过敏性疾病患病率高于女童患病率,剖宫产儿童过敏性疾病患病率高于阴道分娩的儿童,而母乳喂养、饮食习惯等不同儿童的过敏性疾病患病率无明显差异。结论芜湖市学龄前儿童过敏性疾病患病率较高,已成为儿童严重的公共卫生问题,应当引起高度重视。
Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of allergic diseases in children aged 3 ~ 6 years in Wuhu city, and to provide basis for the prevention of allergic diseases in children. Methods A total of 1 912 children from 9 kindergartens in Wuhu City were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of allergic diseases previously diagnosed in preschool children was collected by questionnaire and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The total prevalence of allergic diseases in preschool children was 40.8%, the prevalence of allergic diseases in boys was 57.1%, significantly higher than that of girls (42.9%) (P <0.05) There was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of allergic diseases. The incidence of allergic diseases among preschool children was the highest (32.5%), followed by allergic rhinitis (7.8%), food allergy (6.4%) and asthma 4.1%) and allergic conjunctivitis (2.2%). The prevalence of allergic diseases in boys was higher than that in girls. The prevalence of allergic diseases in children with cesarean delivery was higher than that in vaginal delivery. However, breastfeeding and diet The prevalence of allergic diseases among different children did not differ significantly. Conclusions The prevalence of allergic diseases in preschool children in Wuhu City has become a serious public health problem in children and deserves great attention.