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英国的全称为“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”。但人们往往习惯用“英格兰”一词泛指英国,其名称意为盎格鲁人的土地。公元1-5世纪时,英格兰东南部一直受罗马帝国统治。5世纪中期,日尔曼人中的盎格鲁·萨克逊、朱特等部落从欧洲大陆渡海进入不列颠岛,并征服了当地居民克尔特人。到6世纪末,在不列颠的中部和南部形成了7个小王国,历史上称“七王国时代”。经过长期的争斗和演变,这些诸侯小国逐渐形成不列颇岛上的英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三大部分。1066年,诺曼底的威廉公爵率领大军渡过英吉利海峡,打败英王哈罗德,在伦敦加冕为王,称威廉一世,在英格兰建立起一个权力集中的诺曼底王朝,正式确立了封建制度。从1200年起,采用英格兰的白地红色正十字旗帜
The full name of Britain is “United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.” But people are often accustomed to using the term “England” to refer to Britain in the name of Anglo. From the 1500s to the 1500s, southeastern England was ruled by the Roman Empire. In the mid-fifth century, the Anglo-Saxon and Zhu Te tribes of the Germans entered the island of Britain from across the European continent and conquered the local resident Celts. By the end of the 6th century, seven small kingdoms were formed in central and southern Britain, historically “the era of the Seven Kingdoms.” After a long period of struggle and evolution, these princely and mighty nations gradually formed three major parts of England, Scotland and Wales on the Lop Nur. In 1066, the Duke of William in Normandy led the army across the English Channel, defeated the British king Harold, crowned king in London, said William I, in England to establish a centralized Norman dynasty, formally established the feudal system. From 1200 onwards, England’s white red cross banner