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中华人民共和国建立至今,中国共产党对执政模式的探索就没有停止过。20世纪80年代以前,这种探索经历了“寓党于政”和“以党代政”两个时期。20世纪80年代,基于建国30年执政的经验教训,邓小平提出了“党政分开”的新模式。20世纪90年代,中共中央对中国政治体制改革的发展方向和策略做出了重大调整,强调要充分利用现有的法定制度资源,落实和完善人民代表大会、多党合作和政治协商制度,推动和创新基层民主自治制度,充分利用党“执政”的优势,推进中国民主和法制建设的进程,并在实践中形成了共产党执政的一元化模式。这一模式可以概括为“党领导人民依法当家作主”,这也是目前中国社会主义民主政治发展的基本路径。通过这一路径,我们党在新世纪提出了一种解决执政合法性问题的方案,这就是科学执政、民主执政和依法执政。其中,科学执政和民主执政是满足合法性要求的实质要件,依法执政是满足合法性要求的形式要件。科学执政、民主执政和依法执政从逻辑和实践上较好地回答了中国共产党执政合法性的问题。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the CPC has never ceased its exploration of the ruling pattern. Before the 1980s, this kind of exploration experienced two periods of “integrating the Party into politics” and “taking the party to be the government”. In the 1980s, based on the experiences and lessons of the 30 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Deng Xiaoping proposed a new mode of “separation of party and government.” In the 1990s, the CPC Central Committee made major adjustments to the direction and tactics of the development of China’s political restructuring. It emphasized that it is necessary to make full use of the existing resources of the statutory system and to implement and improve the system of people’s congresses, multi-party cooperation and political consultation so as to promote And innovate the grassroots democratic autonomy system. We should make full use of the advantages of the party’s “ruling party” to advance the process of building China’s democracy and legal system and, in practice, form a unified model of the communist party’s ruling power. This model can be summed up as “the party leading the people according to law and being the masters,” which is also the basic path for the development of China’s socialist democracy. Through this path, our party has proposed in the new century a solution to the issue of the legitimacy of the ruling party, which is scientific, democratic and lawful. Among them, scientific governance and democratic governance are the essential elements to meet the requirements of legality. Governing by the law is a formal element that meets the requirements of legitimacy. Scientific governance, democratic governance and ruling by law have answered the question of the legitimacy of the ruling party of the Chinese Communist Party from a logical and practical standpoint.