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本文建议一种新的酯化反应的氢离子催化机构,这机构与公认的酯化反应的氢离子催化机构的区别在于氢离子的来源和氢离子参与反应的详细历程,肯定氢离子不仅由外酸供给,而且也可由单元酸本身电离得来,另外,单元酸和单元醇都可作为氢离子的载体。酯化反应的功力学方程与单元酸和单元醇起始的克分子比有密切关系,应由(3)式表示。当酸与醇以等克分子比起反应,在无外酸作催化剂时,酯化反应是2(1/2)级反应;若有外酸作催化剂,当外酸的量加得适当多,由单元酸本身供给的氢离子的贡献可以忽略时,是二级反应;当外酸的量加得少,由单元酸本身供给的氢离子的贡献不可以忽略时,它不再是二级反应。当酸与醇以不等克分子比起反应,动力学方程比较复杂,实验结果亦与理论相一致。这样,我们用同一反应机构解释所有不同克分子比的单元酸与单元醇的酯化反应的实验数据。
This paper suggests a new hydrogenation catalyst for esterification. This mechanism is different from the well-known hydrogenation catalyst for esterification in the detailed mechanism of the source of hydrogen ions and the participation of hydrogen ions in the reaction, Acid supply, but also by the ionization of the monobasic acid itself. In addition, both the monobasic acid and the monovalent alcohol can be used as carriers for hydrogen ions. The kinetic equation of esterification is closely related to the initial molar ratio of monobasic acid to monomeric alcohol and should be represented by (3). When the acid and alcohol react in equimolar ratio, the esterification reaction is 2 (1/2) level reaction when no external acid is used as a catalyst; if external acid is used as a catalyst, when the amount of external acid is added properly, When the contribution of hydrogen ions supplied by the monobasic acid itself is negligible, it is a secondary reaction; when the amount of external acid is added less and the contribution of hydrogen ions supplied by the monobasic acid itself is negligible, it is no longer a secondary reaction . When the acid and alcohol react with unequal molecules, the kinetic equation is more complicated, and the experimental results are consistent with the theory. In this way, we used the same reaction mechanism to explain experimental data on the esterification of monobasic acids with monovalent alcohols at all different molar ratios.