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城市暴雨内涝是城市最普遍的自然灾害之一。受城市复杂下垫面环境的影响,城市暴雨积水具有响应时间短、淹没速度快的特点。数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)是城市地表汇水分析的关键,是暴雨积水分析的基础,而传统方法构建的DEM不能满足复杂下垫面环境下城市暴雨积水淹没分析的需求。本文以构建顾及地表汇水分析的城市DEM为目的,提出基于多源数据融合思想和地形修正思想的DEM构建方法,即将数字摄影测量技术构建的大范围DEM与车载激光扫描技术构建的城市道路高精度DEM相融合,再利用影响雨水汇流路径的建筑物、水系等要素对DEM进行修正的构建方法。本文以北京市海淀区公主坟地区为例进行研究,结果表明该方法构建的DEM在道路区域高程精度可达厘米级,实现了对城市道路易积水区域的重点表达,基于该DEM的汇水分析结果基本符合城市下垫面汇水特点,因此,本文构建的DEM适用于城市道路、桥区汇水路径分析和积水淹没分析。
Urban storm waterlogging is one of the most common natural disasters in cities. Under the influence of complex underlying surface environment in urban areas, rainstorms in cities have the characteristics of short response time and rapid submergence. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the key of urban surface water catchment analysis and the foundation of heavy rainwater accumulation analysis. However, the DEM constructed by traditional methods can not meet the demand of urban storm water flooding analysis under complex underlying surface conditions. In this paper, we propose a DEM construction method based on the idea of multi-source data fusion and topographic modification for the purpose of constructing a city DEM that takes into account surface water catchment analysis. That is to say, the DEM constructed by digital photogrammetry technology and the high urban road constructed by on-board laser scanning technology Precision DEM integration, re-use of the impact of rainwater convergence path of the building, water and other elements of the DEM to amend the construction method. In this paper, a case study of Gongzhufen in Haidian District, Beijing was carried out. The results show that the DEM constructed by this method can reach a centimeter level in the road area, realizing the key expression of urban road perishwater area. Based on the catchment of the DEM Therefore, the DEM constructed in this paper is suitable for urban road, catchment catchment analysis and water flooding analysis.