土蝗种类较多,我国已有四百多种记载。常见的种类主要有小车蝗、黄脊蝗、中华稻蝗、中华蚱蜢、大垫尖翅蝗、负蝗、笨蝗、短星翅蝗等。发生规律多为一年一代,有的种类一年两代。均以卵在土下越冬。土蝗分布广而适应性强,杂草多的山坡、河边、库边易发生。因土蝗不象飞蝗那样有群聚迁飞习性,所以只局部为害。解放前蝗灾发生严重,三大自然灾害(水灾、旱灾、蝗灾)中,就以蝗灾与其并列,农政全书描述为:“蝗虫聚集为害,使寸草不留,一至田中,稻麦立尽”。可见当时的蝗灾相当严重。解放后经过治理,蝗虫得到了有效控制。但近几年来,由于各地忽视对土蝗的防治,造成一些地区土蝗严重回升,并形成了一定为害。据去秋调查,河北省已有13个县近2万亩麦苗受到不同程度的土蝗为害。虽然在目前不致形成严重灾害,但防治土蝗切不可忽视,以保证粮食作物不受其害, More soil locust species, China has more than 400 kinds of records. Common species are car locust, yellow ridge locust, Chinese rice grasshopper, Chinese grasshoppers, large pad sharp-winged locust, negative locust, stinkbug locust, short star winged locust and so on. The law of occurrence is mostly a year, some species two generations a year. All over the winter with eggs in the soil. Soil locust widely distributed and adaptable, weeds and more slopes, riverside, Bank edge prone. Due to soil locusts do not like migratory migrant habits, so only local damage. Before the liberation of locust plagues serious, three major natural disasters (floods, droughts, locust plagues), with locust plague and its juxtaposition, the agricultural book described as: “locusts gather to damage, so that weeds do not leave, one to field, rice and wheat” . The locust plague was very serious at that time. After the liberation after governance, locusts have been effectively controlled. However, in recent years, due to the neglect of prevention and control of soil locusts around the country, the soil locusts in some areas have been seriously picked up and some damage has been caused. According to the survey to autumn, Hebei Province, nearly 13,000 acres of wheat seedlings have been affected by varying degrees of soil locust damage. Although no serious disasters will be formed at present, the prevention and control of soil locusts must not be neglected so as to ensure that grain crops are not harmed.