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本文的目的在于为设计人员在分析、选择、计算数控机床进给驱动系统与直流电机时提供一些方法。在对平面插补的轮廓误差及其成因进行了理论分析之后,介绍了决定误差量与周期误差成因的实用而简单的测量与检验系统。在轮廊误差的成因中,存在着由于直流电机和干摩擦引起的转矩扰动。根据对进给驱动系统传递函数的分析,推导出了重要公式,以评价上面提到的扭矩扰动的影响。此外,还分析了与此进给驱动系统和进给轴性能有关的主要问题。为了在整个速度范围与加速中提供所需之扭矩,不仅计算与校验了由于电机扭矩与摩擦扭矩扰动引起的轮廓误差,而且还计算与校验了进给驱动电机的容量。最后,讨论了宽进给范围的控制及其应用,此控制不是由数控系统,而是由一个带有位置环的低速装置完成的。它是一个混合的模拟数字位置反馈系统,可以使一个直流电机如同一个闭环的步进电机那样进行控制,并在电气控制之下,实现“零速”,也就是轴线不动。它可以用在一些特殊装置上,如:电子控制加工螺纹、电子手轮、电轴、伺服定位、位置控制等。
The purpose of this article is to provide some ways for designers to analyze, select, and calculate CNC machine tools to feed drive systems and DC motors. After a theoretical analysis of the outline error of plane interpolation and its causes, a practical and simple measurement and verification system for determining the causes of error and period error is introduced. In the cause of the wheel-wheel error, there is torque disturbance due to DC motor and dry friction. Based on the analysis of the transfer function of the feed drive system, an important formula is deduced to evaluate the influence of the torque disturbance mentioned above. In addition, the main issues related to the performance of the feed drive system and the feed axis were also analyzed. In order to provide the required torque throughout the speed range and acceleration, not only the profile errors due to motor torque and friction torque disturbances are calculated and checked, but also the capacity of the feed drive motor is calculated and verified. Finally, the control of the wide feed range and its application are discussed, not by a numerical control system, but by a low-speed device with a position loop. It is a hybrid analog position feedback system that allows a DC motor to be controlled as a closed-loop stepper motor with “zero speed” electrical control, which means the axis is stationary. It can be used in some special devices, such as: electronic control processing thread, electronic hand wheel, electric axis, servo positioning, position control and so on.