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依循我国法院常用的因果关系理论,程健案判决书采用了直接因果关系标准。实际上,因果关系理论是丰富的。本质上,归责是一个法律问题,属于法规判断的范畴。因此,探寻法规范的目的是归责案件司法审查中必经的步骤。借鉴行政法学中的保护规范理论来确定《道路交通安全法》第22条第1款是否具有个人利益保护目的较为困难。如果从新近的主观公权利标准、我国司法实际及国外的标准来看,认定其可以保护个人利益并非不可能。然而,当我们参酌优先适用原则和虑及该条款缺失法律后果规定时,就可知该条款适用于本案是不可取的。
In accordance with the causal relationship theory commonly used in China’s courts, the Cheng Jian case verdict adopts the direct causation criterion. In fact, the causal theory is rich. In essence, imputation is a legal issue and belongs to the category of legal judgment. Therefore, the purpose of the law of search is to blame the steps necessary in the judicial review of the case. It is difficult to determine whether the first paragraph of Article 22 of the Road Traffic Safety Law has the purpose of protecting personal interests by referring to the theory of protection norms in administrative law. Judging from the recent standards of subjective public rights, the judicial practice of our country and the standards of foreign countries, it is not impossible to find that it can protect individual interests. However, when we consider the principle of giving priority and considering the lack of legal consequence of the provision, we can see that it is not advisable to apply the provision to this case.