目的:探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层（TBAD）胸主动脉血管腔内修复术（TEVAR）术中或术后并发逆行性A型夹层（RAAD）的治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析2004年2月至2020年1月河南省人民医院实施TEVAR的1 176例TBAD患者的临床资料，其中14例并发RAAD（1.2%），另收集9例在外院实施TEVAR发现RAAD的TBAD患者。患者男18例、女5例，年龄38~79（54±12）岁。其中典型夹层15例，壁间血肿7例，穿透性溃疡1例。16例实施外科手术，1例杂交手术，其余6例保守治疗。分析其临床资料并进行随访。结果:23例患者中，2例RAAD在TEVAR术中发现，8例发现于围手术期，5例发现于出院后3个月内，8例于TEVAR 1年后发现，时间最长为TEVAR术后120个月。RAAD破口位于主动脉大弯侧21例，小弯侧2例。13例破口紧邻支架头端，10例破口位于升主动脉且距离支架头端2 cm以上。本组随访21例、失访2例，随访时间1~134（59±40）个月。死亡6例，包括3例全因死亡和3例心血管事件死亡。16例外科手术患者中围手术期死亡1例，发生脑梗死及纵隔感染1例。1例杂交手术患者恢复良好。6例保守治疗患者中死亡5例。结论:RAAD是TEVAR相关发生率低但死亡率高的严重并发症，在TEVAR的早期或晚期均可以发生。保守治疗效果较差，推荐外科手术为RAAD患者首选的治疗方法。“,”Objective:To investigate the treatment strategies for the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) accompanied with intra-or post-operational retrograde type A aortic dissection (RAAD).Methods:TBAD patients who underwent TEVAR in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from February 2004 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 1 176 cases, 14 cases (1.2%) were accompanied with RAAD. Another 9 patients who received TEVAR at other hospitals with TBAD accompanied with RAAD were also collected. In total 23 patients [18 males and 5 females, age as (54±12) years old , ranging from 38 to 79] were included in this study. There were 15 cases of typical dissection, 7 cases of intramural haematoma, and 1 case of penetrating aortic ulcer. Sixteen patients received surgical operation, 1 received hybrid surgery, and the remaining 6 patients underwent conventional therapies. The clinical data and followed up data were collected and analyzed.Results:Among 23 cases, 2 RAAD cases were discovered during the TEVAR, 8 cases were discovered during the perioperative period, 5 cases were discovered within 3 months after discharge, and 8 cases were discovered at more than 1 year after TEVAR, with the longest time point of 120 months after TEVAR. The RAAD rupture was located on the greater curvature side of the aorta in 21 cases, and on the minor curvature side in 2 cases. In 13 cases, the rupture was close to the stent head, and in 10 cases, the rupture was located on the ascending aorta and more than 2 cm from the stent head. Followed up data were collected in 21 cases, with the mean follow-up time as (59±40) months, ranging from 1 to 134 months. Six patients died, with 3 cases of all-reason death and 3 cases of cardiac-reason death. Among the 16 patients receiving surgical operation, one patient died during the perioperative period, and 1 patient suffered from the cerebral infarction and mediastinal infection. Well recovery was found in 1 patient received the hybrid operation. Five of 6 patients who received the conventional treatment died.Conclusions:RAAD is a serious complication related to TEVAR, with low incidence and high mortality rate. RAAD can occur in the early or late stages of TEVAR. TEVAR-associated RAAD has poor therapeutic outcomes, and the surgical operation should be recommended as the preferred treatment for RAAD in clinical practice.