一来由轴系是舰艇动力装置的重要部件之一。制造轴系的工厂,为了满足用户和战备需要,其产品的生产应力求高速、优质,但由于现代材料和工艺水平的限制,要使制造的大型轴系锻件达到均质无缺陷的程度,显然还有困难,实际生产中,常因轴系锻件的表面在精加工时,呈现出微小的缺陷(裂纹或夹杂),就判定报废。这不仅使工厂蒙受很大的损失,而且严重影响船舶配套的进度。十多年前,在《舰艇轴类锻件调查报告》中,曾建议研究船轴锻件表面缺陷的修补,但未引起重视。表面缺陷(主要指裂纹)对轴的使用性能有多大影响,在应用断裂力学来判断其对轴的安全性估量之前,对于这些缺陷(小于或大于临界尺寸)能否采用焊补的方法来修正,使行将报废的轴得以复用?本文试图就这个问题作初步探讨。 One by shaft system is one of the important components of the ship power plant. In order to meet the needs of users and combat readiness, the factory that manufactures shaft systems should strive to produce high-speed and high-quality products. However, due to the limitations of modern materials and technology, it is obvious that for the manufacture of large shaft-type forgings to be homogeneous and defect-free There are difficulties, the actual production, often due to shaft surface forging in the finishing, showing minor defects (cracks or inclusions), to determine the scrapped. This not only caused a great loss to the factory, but also seriously affected the progress of supporting the ship. More than a decade ago, in the Survey Report on Ship Shaft Forgings, it was suggested to study the repair of surface defects on ship shaft forgings, but no attention was paid to it. Surface defects (mainly refers to the crack) on the shaft performance has much influence on the application of fracture mechanics to assess the safety of the shaft before the assessment of these defects (less than or greater than the critical size) can be used to repair welding method to correct , So that the shaft will be scrapped to reuse? This article attempts to make a preliminary discussion of this issue.