近年来,随着环境问题日益受到人们的重视,各国经济学家开始讨论如何才能更准确地衡量一国的经济状况和社会财富。将近半个世纪以来,正统的经济学理论一直认为国内生产的产品和提供的劳务(即国内生产总值,简称 GDP)和国家的收入(即国民生产总值,简称GNP)的增长是评价一国经济状况的最好的综合性指标,世界银行也把人均国民生产总值作为各国经济分类的主要指标。在这样的一种经济思想的支配下,多数国家都把努力增加国民生产总值作为经济发展的基本目标。正如一位评论家指出的那样,世界银行每季度公布一次 In recent years, with the increasing attention paid to environmental issues, economists in various countries have begun to discuss how to measure the economic status and social wealth of a country more accurately. For nearly half a century, orthodox economic theory has always held that the growth of domestically produced goods and services (ie, gross domestic product, referred to as GDP) and of national income (ie GNP) The best comprehensive indicator of the state of the economy, the World Bank also uses per capita gross national product as the main indicator of the economic classifications of all countries. Under such an economic ideology, most countries regard making every effort to increase their gross national product as the basic goal of economic development. As one commentator has pointed out, the World Bank publishes quarterly