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主观归因构式是汉语致使表达中的特殊类型,反映了说话人对致使情景的一种主观态度。一般情况下人们会将致使结果的产生归责为主体而形成客观归因构式,但是在特殊的话语场景中,说话人出于对主体的免责心理,忽略它的使因作用而将责任归咎于客体,认为是客体造成了超出预期的负面影响,从而形成主观归因构式。主观归因构式的语义不可从其组成部分推导而来,而且使用频率相对较低,是一种修辞构式。学界对主观归因句的研究已有不少成果,本文从构式的角度考察这种表达形式的语义、结构特点及其修辞动因。
The subjective attribution structure is a special type of Chinese-induced expression, which reflects the speaker’s subjective attitude toward the scene. Under normal circumstances, people will be led to the result of the formation of the main body and the formation of an objective attribution formula, but in a special discourse scenario, the speaker out of the main psychological exclusion, ignoring its causes and responsibility to blame As for the object, it is considered that the object has caused the unexpected effect beyond the expectation, and thus the subjective attribution structure is formed. The semantics of the subjective attribution formula can not be derived from its components, and the use of relatively low frequency, is a rhetorical structure. The academic community has made a lot of achievements in the study of subjective attribution sentences. This article examines the semantics, structural features and rhetorical motivations of this form of expression from the perspective of construction.