目的：研究卵巢癌细胞凋亡、相关基因表达及其与化疗的关系。方法：选择卵巢上皮性癌３２例，行初次手术后给予以铂类为基础的联合化疗４ 疗程以上，１９ 例行二次手术。对２ 次手术标本分别作细胞凋亡原位检测和凋亡指数（ＡＩ）计数，细胞核增殖抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）、Ｐ５３和Ｂｃｌ２ 基因表达免疫组化染色。结果：化疗有效组ＡＩ显著高于无效组（ｔ＝ ３．１６，Ｐ＜ ０．０５），化疗前ＡＩ显著高于化疗后（ｔ＝ ２．２８，Ｐ＜ ０．０５），高ＡＩ组（ＡＩ≥２．０）存活例数显著高于低ＡＩ组（ＡＩ＜ ２．０）（χ２ ＝ ６．４２，Ｐ＜ ０．０５），平均生存期长于低ＡＩ组，但差异无显著性（ｔ＝ １．１３，Ｐ＞ ０．０５），ＡＩ和ＰＣＮＡ变化无显著关系（ｔ＝ ０．６４，Ｐ＞ ０．０５），高ＡＩ组伴有高Ｐ５３和高Ｂｃｌ２ 表达趋势，但未达显著性水平（ｔ＝ ０．４８，Ｐ＞ ０．０５ 和ｔ＝ ０．７７，Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。结论：卵巢癌对化疗的效应与凋亡有关，高ＡＩ者敏感性较高，且预后良好，凋亡过程可能受Ｐ５３和Ｂｃｌ２ 基因调控。ＡＩ检测可作为预测卵巢癌对化疗的效应和预后的指标。 Objective: To study the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, the expression of related genes and their relationship with chemotherapy. Methods: Thirty - two patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were selected. After the first operation, more than 4 courses of combined chemotherapy based on platinum - based therapy were performed and 19 cases underwent secondary surgery. Apoptotic index and apoptosis index (AI) were counted and the expressions of PCNA, P53 and Bcl2 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 2 surgical specimens respectively. Results: The effective AI in chemotherapy group was significantly higher than that in ineffective group (t = 3.16, P <0.05), and the AI ​​before chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in chemotherapy group (t = 2.28, P <0.05) (AI≥2.0) was significantly higher than those in the low AI group (χ2 = 6.42, P <0.05), and the average survival time was longer than that in the low AI group, but the difference was not significant (T = 1.13, P> 0.05). There was no significant relationship between AI and PCNA (t = 0.64, P> 0.05) But did not reach the significant level (t = 0.48, P> 0.05 and t = 0.77, P> 0.05). Conclusion: The effect of ovarian cancer on chemotherapy is related to apoptosis. High AI is more sensitive and prognosis is good. Apoptosis may be regulated by P53 and Bcl2 genes. AI test can be used as an index to predict the effect and prognosis of ovarian cancer on chemotherapy.