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世界生物液体燃料的生产格局是美国、巴西和欧盟三足鼎立的局面。美国主要是玉米为原料的燃料乙醇,而巴西是以甘蔗为原料,欧盟则是以油菜籽为主的生物柴油。生物液体燃料目前的规模还不是很大,其对传统能源地缘政治格局的影响还十分有限。但如果未来纤维素乙醇技术上有重大突破,随着产量的大幅度增长,其影响会越来越大。未来“生物燃料欧佩克”和欧佩克之间的矛盾和斗争将越来越激烈,彼此之间力量的消涨对未来世界能源地缘政治格局的影响广泛而深远。生物燃料的发展,使发展中国家和石油输出国面临严峻挑战,发达国家利用技术和粮食的双重优势,一方面可以减少对石油输出国的依赖,另一方面又可以抬高国际市场的粮食价格,为提高农产品出口价格创造条件。同时发达国家利用自己在生物燃料领域的技术优势,将其纳入温室气体减排和全球气候变化谈判的框架中,进一步对发展中国家施压。
The world bio-liquid fuel production pattern is the United States, Brazil and the EU three pillars of the situation. The United States is mainly corn as raw material fuel ethanol, while Brazil is based on sugar cane as raw material, the EU is based mainly on rapeseed biodiesel. The current scale of biological liquid fuel is not yet very large, and its impact on the geopolitical landscape of traditional energy is still very limited. However, if there is a major technological breakthrough in cellulosic ethanol in the future, the impact will increase with the substantial increase in output. In the future, the contradictions and struggles between “OPEC Biofuel” and OPEC will become increasingly fierce. The ebb and flow of power between each other will have a wide-ranging and far-reaching impact on the geopolitical pattern of energy in the world in the future. The development of biofuels poses a serious challenge to developing countries and oil-exporting countries. Developed countries use the dual advantages of technology and food to reduce the dependence on oil-exporting countries on the one hand, and raise the grain prices in the international market on the other , To create conditions for raising the export price of agricultural products. At the same time, the developed countries use their own technological advantages in the field of biofuels to integrate them into the framework of the negotiations on greenhouse gas emission reduction and global climate change to further pressure the developing countries.