本文试从确立我国现代电力行业监管理念谈起,论及电力体制改革的必要性以及电力监管机构设置等四个方面的问题。一、从国外几种不同的电力监管方式来看,发展中国家的情况较贴近我国国情,面临的主要难度都是没有现成的法律框架和现成的模式,以及缺少电力和法律方面的复合型人才。二、我国长期以来对于电力行业,始终沿用传统的政府管理方式即政企合一的行政管理方式,从未建立过对电力行业的“监管体制”。所谓现代电力行业监管方式,应是在市场经济条件下,依靠法律、法规去规范电力市场竞争,同时对合法的电力企业经营者给予法律上的保护。三、我国采取政监分离的电力监管机构的设置,既避免了纯政府的监管方式———即不会出现新的政府垄断行为,又可以体现以法律、法规方式由高规格国家事业机构实施行业监管的理念。所设置的电力监管机构,一是强调垂直管理体系,减少监管和执法中的障碍。二是监管的重点或主要对象是电网及调度机构。这有利于在厂网分开之后,有效地促进发电企业公平竞争。本文提出把电力市场监管放在电力监管的首要位置以及高度重视电力执法的观点,并从五个方面论及电力监管机构的内部设置。四、本文建议国家电力监管机构要按照程序简便、高效、透明的原则,合理确定并分级划分监管职能,并提出 This article starts with the establishment of China’s modern power industry regulatory concept, discusses the need for power system reform and the establishment of power regulatory agencies in four aspects. 1. From the perspective of several different ways of supervising electricity in foreign countries, the situation in developing countries is closer to our country’s national conditions. The main difficulty is that there are no ready-made legal frameworks and ready-made models, and there is a lack of composite talents in electricity and law. . 2. For a long time, China has always used the traditional government management method, which is a combination of government and enterprise management, for the electric power industry, and has never established a “regulatory system” for the electric power industry. The so-called modern power industry supervision methods should be based on market economy conditions, rely on laws and regulations to regulate the power market competition, while giving legal protection to legitimate power company operators. 3. The establishment of a power regulatory agency in China that adopts a separation of political prisoners not only avoids purely government supervision—that is, no new monopolistic actions will occur, but it can also be implemented by high-standard national institutions in the form of laws and regulations. Industry supervision concept. The power regulatory agencies that are set up emphasize the vertical management system and reduce the obstacles in supervision and law enforcement. Second, the focus or main target of supervision is the power grid and dispatching agencies. This will facilitate the effective promotion of a fair competition for power generation companies after the plant and network are separated. This paper proposes to put power market supervision on the top spot of power supervision and attaches great importance to power law enforcement, and discusses the internal settings of the power regulatory agency from five aspects. Fourth, this paper proposes that the national power regulatory agency should, in accordance with the principle of simple, efficient and transparent procedures, reasonably determine and classify the regulatory functions and propose