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通过研究跃进农场现存的几种主要种植形式,探索近阶段及未来适合跃进农场水稻种植机械化的模式。机直播与人工撒播的对比试验表明,该模式改善了水稻生长的小环境,促进了水稻分蘖生长,提高了水稻成穗率和抗病性,有利于人工清除恶性杂草,提高了水稻单产;穗粒数比撒播方式显著提高是机直播增产的主要原因,可增产5.44%。跃进农场近3年来水稻机直播与机插秧的产量表明,水稻机直播的产量总体要略高于机插秧,主要原因在于水稻直播形式较容易拿到穗苗,而机插秧形式穗苗不稳定。分析水稻种植环节的8项成本构成,机直播比机插秧可节约成本近20%,选用机直播的种植形式可获得可观的经济效益。实践研究表明,在跃进农场机插秧主要优势不在于提高水稻单产,而在于提高了水稻灌浆的整齐度和饱满度,有利于提高水稻种子扩繁质量和纯度,也有利于控制恶性杂草的危害。综上所述,近阶段来说,机直播和机插秧将全面替代人工撒播,机直播为主要推广的水稻机械种植形式,机插秧为辅助的种植形式,主要用于育种;随着水稻穴播机的不断研制成熟,机穴播将成为主要的种植形式,可以解决水稻种子扩繁的需要和种子品质的要求,同时还能实现稳定产量和降本增效的目标。
By studying several existing main forms of planting in Yuejin Farm, we explore the mode of mechanization of rice planting in Yuejin Farm in recent years and in the future. Compared with direct seeding and artificial seeding, this model improved the small environment for rice growth, promoted the tillering growth of rice, increased the spike rate and disease resistance of rice, and facilitated the removal of malignant weeds by hand and increased the yield of rice. Spike grain number is significantly increased than the broadcast method is the main reason for direct seeding increased yield 5.44%. The yield of rice machine direct-seeded and machine-transplanted rice in the past three years in Yuejin Farm showed that the overall output of direct-seeded rice machine was slightly higher than that of machine-transplanted rice. The main reason was that it was easier to get the spikelet in direct seeding rice form, and the transplanting seedling was unstable. Analysis of eight aspects of the cost of planting rice components, machine direct seeding than rice transplanting can save nearly 20% of the cost, using direct seeding planting available considerable economic benefits. Practical research shows that the main advantage of seedling transplanting in leaping farms is not to increase rice yield but rather to improve the uniformity and plumpness of rice grouting and to improve the quality and purity of rice seed propagation and also to control the harm of weeds . To sum up, in the recent stage, direct-seeded and transplanting seedlings will replace artificial seeding and direct seeding as the main forms of rice mechanical planting and organic transplanting, which are mainly used for breeding. As rice seed drill The continuous development of machine-aided sowing will become the main planting form, which can solve the requirement of seed multiplication and seed quality of rice seeds, and meanwhile achieve the goal of stable output and cost reduction and efficiency enhancement.