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客观归责概念本身并未提供具体的归责标准,真正提供标准的是其一连串颇具个性化色彩的下位规则。作为客观归责理论三个主要规则之一,“制造法不允许的风险”是开启客观归责理论的重要钥匙,它包括“风险减小时归责的排除”、“缺乏危险创设时归责的排除”以及“在允许性风险中排除归责”三个主要规则。首先,在“风险减小时排除归责”部分,我们发现风险降低具有主客观统一性,在判断标准上需同时考虑社会经验的相当性和刑法目的指导下确定的注意规范。与风险降低不同,风险替代已超出风险制造的范围。其次,在“缺乏危险创设时排除归责”部分,通过评析中性行为限制处罚诸学说,论证了客观归责说的合理性。我们认为,中性行为的客观归责,客观方面要满足风险升高理论,主观方面也至少须认识到他人的犯罪倾向。再次,“在允许性风险中排除归责”部分,我们发现允许性风险包括排除构成要件和排除违法性两种。在发展脉络上,排除构成要件的允许性风险又可分为两个阶段,即早期与新过失论有关,后来才被纳入客观归责理论中。
The concept of objective imputation does not in itself provide a specific standard of imputation, the real standard is to provide a series of its own subordinate color of the rules. As one of the three main rules of objective imputation theory, “the risk that manufacturing law does not allow” is an important key to open the theory of objective imputation. It includes “exclusion of liability when risk is reduced”, “lack of danger Exclusion of liability at creation ”and“ Exclusion of liability in permissibility risk ”are the three main rules. First of all, we found that risk reduction has the subjective and objective unity in judging the equivalence of social experience and the attention norms under the guidance of criminal law purpose. Unlike risk reduction, risk substitution is beyond the scope of risk making. Secondly, in the part of “Excluding Imputation when Lack of Dangerous Creation”, the theory of restraining punishment by neutrality is analyzed and the rationality of objective imputation is demonstrated. In our opinion, the objective imputation of neutral behavior should satisfy the theory of rising risk objectively and the subjective aspect must at least recognize the criminal tendency of others. Again, in the section “Excluding Imputability from Allowable Risk,” we find that allowable risks include both the exclusion of constituent elements and the exclusion of illegality. In the context of development, the permissible risks that exclude the constituent elements can be divided into two stages, that is, the earlier is related to the theory of new negligence and later included in the theory of objective imputation.